Finance assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance assignment - Case reputation ExampleOften times, the benevolent resource management (HRM) department is considered inferior to some other departments like finance and marketing, as it does not contribute to the revenue generation of the organization directly (Davis, 2011). This paper focuses on the fiscal aspect of the human resource management as it discusses its magnificence in the organization. It highlights the fact that HRM department is falsely underrated, because it also contributes to the revenue of the firm. In this study, the case of John Lewis Partnership has been highlighted to point out the financial importance of the HRM in an organization.The human resource management (HRM) is described simply as proper allocation of human capital in the right time and in right place. By the proper allocation of the hunt force in all the departments, an organization is able to increase the overall efficiency of the firm (Lundy, 2008). The increase efficiency eventually le ads to higher revenue generation and avoids resource wastage by inefficient usage. Thus it is scant(p) that the financial importance of the HRM lies in the efficient use of human resources in such a air that the financial investment made in the HR department gives proper return. The return on investment of the HR department is determined by the financial outfit of all the other departments and the organizational output as a whole (Price, 2011).According to Woods (2012) John Lewis partnership (JLP), unlike any other retail firm, is run by the employees who pose as the partners of the business operation. The management is run by a trust which operates on behalf of the employees. JLP has put the HR department in the in the centre of the management conclusion making. The HR department is prioritized so much that Andy Street, one of the personnel director made his way to the go under of Managing Director (Cunliffe and Craik, 2014). The concept of partnership allows the employees or partners to enjoy benefits from the

Health and safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Health and safety - Assignment ExampleThe primary statute regarding safety and wellness regulation is the Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974. Section 6 of this Act provides that suppliers of hazardous substances to small engineering workshops mustiness take reasonable precautions to ensure safety and tokenish risks to health. This regulation further obliges suppliers of hazardous substances to provide adequate information on risks to health and safety which the constituent(a) properties of the substance pose to their expendrs and handlers (HSE, 33, 2004). This law aims at controlling impression to hazardous substances by employees that most frequently occurs to them when they are machining, welding, painting or cleaning and degreasing. This law further requires that suppliers should supply machinery complete with instructions for use of the same. This provision affects suppliers and purchasers of new and used machines within the European Union (HSE, 51, 2004).Some of the su bstances that workers may be expose to include nickel- strapper, nickel-chrome alloys, stainless steel and nickel alloys, stainless steel chromium alloys, lead and lead alloys, copper alloys containing beryllium and caladium-plated articles. The employees in these factories must have adequate personal protection for employees to minimize risks of negative health effects through the control dust, fume, spray and vapour. They should also take steps to minimize skin conform to through adequate personal protection to the employees (HSE, 33, 2004).The Control of Substances Harzadous to Health Regulations 2002 provides that small engineering workshop owners must always assess the risks that image to hazardous substances poses to risks to the health of its employees. Workshops are also required to prevent workers exposure to these substances by the use of less hazardous forms of chemicals or even alternative processes that limit the risk of exposure (HSE, 34, 2004). Engineering Workshop s are also required to

Fit And Filling Facility For The Elderly Assignment

Fit And Filling Facility For The Elderly - Assignment ExampleThe most notable features of the lay around and within the park are that the pathways are paved using colored concrete blocks. The pavage of the pathways and the common areas are done using different colors, and that choice was made for different reasons. First, the choice of uncontaminating materials for the pathways was made to guarantee that hygiene levels would remain as high as possible. Secondly, the different colors for the pavements depart help the age suffering from dementia to recall their respective rooms, and their way to facilities like the health center, the shop center, and common facility amenities. From the outside, towards the front side of the facility, there is a pathway heading to the suburban obtain mall which is located about 50 meters from the facility. At the shopping mall, there are many of the stores that an aged person would need to visit, including a bread shop, a Starbucks outlet, and a w ellness center, which provides aerobics, physical fitness, and physiotherapy services. From the outside, a visitor can see the two-bedroom apartments of different sizes, ranging from 825 to 2000 square feet.At one extreme side of the facility, coterminous to the fence, there is the health center, where the elderly living at the facility are rushed for urgent medical exam care (Secker et al., 2003). At different sections of the facility, the common open parks will have different represent species, in order to help the aged to remember their respective house and the entrance to their main hall.

International Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Operations Management - adjudicate ExampleThis will then go on to discuss the level of internationalization the fellowship inevitably to engage in to develop the necessary level of relationship in the new international structure. In this, we will focus on how the level of relationship is affected as the internationalization of the organization broadens. The company selected for this report is mark and Spencer. Nature of Marks and Spencers Business Marks and Spencer was established in UK in the year 1884 and since its inception, the company has been very successful in catering the local food market. Now it is planning to boom out its operations in a new market internationally. It will offer its textile products including mens, womens, and children wear, bedcovers, woodworking plane sets, comforters and ready-made curtains and wall hangings. In the last couple of decades, its clothing line has seen exponential growth (Marks & Spencer 2012). Assumptions Marks and S pencers management feels that this clothing line dismiss be promoted internationally, especially in the conspiracy Asiatic market. The company plans to target all age separates especially, new born babies and young kids within the age group of one to twelve years. The reason for selecting this as a target group is because the birth rate in South Asian markets is very high and the range of clothing has a high disposal rate, as they are targeted towards a growing age of children. Marks and Spencer plans to export its merchandise initially and assess the market demand for its clothing products. If the demand is positive, the company plans to build a manufacturing concern, as the setup and labour be are very low. In addition, the company is already exporting raw cloth from South Asian markets, and by incorporating a factory internationally they can exploit the availability of cheap raw materials. Furthermore, if the company is able to establish itself strongly within the internatio nal market, it gradually plans to introduce its other textile and bed products in the overseas market, respectively. Internationalization Strategies Internationalization strategies require an organization to undertake observational, economic, learning and networking efforts to understand the foreign market. Once the companies learn a culture and the imperfections of the international market, it allows the company to provide products and services, which are expected to satiated the needs and requirement of the target group within the foreign market. In addition to international knowledge, it helps in assessing the capital and network resources within that market, so that it can use its finances efficiently to be well-situated in that market (Bradley 2005). As the process of internationalization entails the company to be motivated to go beyond borders, which allows them to select a profitable market, and develops strategies to enter and sustain the competition in that foreign marke t. Marks and Spencer has successfully done all of it with ample research, it has collected various statistics that has inclined them to enter and compete within the South Asian market (Marks & Spencer 2012). Application of Learning Internationalization Strategies The essence of the entire internationalization process can be interpreted through the Learning Internationalization strategies. Any organization planning to expand globally will require its management to conduct various studies and researches to gain knowledge on different areas, for example, moving in culture and ethics,

Are law enforcement cameras an invasion of privacy Essay

Are faithfulness enforcement cameras an invasion of seclusion - Essay ExampleI think that these concerns argon valid because the installation of law enforcement cameras has led to the injustice of personal privacy as the citizens are constantly watched by other individuals. Some people also believe that the law enforcement cameras do not discourage criminal activities since they act as informants or reporters of an ongoing crime (Richards 42). This paper will illustrate why law enforcement cameras should not be used as they infringe on individuals privacy.Firstly, the privacy laws that have been set in the United Kingdom are perplexing and they cannot be used to protect the citizens against the infringement of certain privacy laws (Raab and Goold 1). This is because the privacy laws allow for the installation of law enforcement cameras in every public place without the consideration of an individuals privacy. David Barrett, a home personal business correspondent for the Telegr aph states thatAn estimated six million closed-circuit television cameras are in Britain, with seven blow and fifty thousand cameras overlooking sensitive locations for example, care homes, hospitals, and schools (Barrett).Barrett continues to state that there is a law enforcement camera for every eleven people in Britain. This clearly shows that the citizens are being observed. People are horror-stricken of their privacy since the government can observe everything that they do in the public areas. Some people are afraid of taking walks in the parks as they figure out that there can be a hidden camera being used by another person to observe them. many an(prenominal) people cannot enjoy their alone time as they feel that they are being watched (Raab and Goold 4). These illustrations demonstrate or so of the effects that law enforcement cameras have on people and the different concerns about their right to privacy.Law enforcement cameras come out unnecessary fear in

Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Marketing Plan - Research Paper ExampleFor instance, the provision of elemental care to them needs to address their varied needs. N- times has never experienced the pre-internet world and is already technology focused. This delegacy that the primary care services need to incorporate the technological aspect of it for it to thrive in this market. On the other hand, Baby Boomers and generation X embraces both the physical and technological aspects of the services, although they are not technologically inclined. However, they prefer high quality services since they have preference for value for their money. Therefore, the paper will establish the marketing plan for a primary care business to be situated in the suburban area of Washington DC that mainly consists of Baby Boomers, generation X and N-generation. The research document will get on highlight a plan of major power requirements for these generations.The community is comprised of Baby Boomers, generation X and N-generation white- hitch workers, in general employed by high-tech and consulting firms, thus the need to come up with an all inclusive location plan that takes care the interests of these generations. According to ONeill (2009), we are living in an era where office design is all in all dominated by the Baby Boomers worldview. However, currently almost 50 % of the workforce comprises of generation Y. Since generation X is rattling active, they a need working place that is very engaging. For Baby Boomers and N-white collar professionals, their workstations need to be installed with high-tech equipment since they have really embraced technology. Many departments would be communicating with each other. Therefore, the office needs to be built in way that it offers facility to work in multiple states. This is something that has been embraced by Baby Boomers and N-white collar professionals. Most of them need offices that offer acoustic privacy to their activities.For both generations, having qual ity-meeting rooms is considered very crucial. Hey also need

Managerial Functions of Abu Dhabi Media Company Essay

Managerial Functions of Abu Dhabi Media Company - Essay ExampleThese roles define the overall roles of the companys executives in promoting the objectives of the organization through the established processes and business trading operations. As a result, the company is diversified with catch to service provision though its core business is media and entertainment. The functions of management of the company reflect its diversified genius in the sense that the managers of the hearty play a wide range of duties in overseeing the vast operations of the company. For Abu Dhabi Media Corporation, the managerial roles of its executives describe the course of management that incorporates several business functions like marketing, finance and accounting. Therefore, roles provide positive methods of categorizing data regarding management along with the most primary managerial processes of the corporation since its incorporation in June 2007. every(prenominal) business organization has goa ls and objectives that govern its existence and operation in the business sphere. Accordingly, each organization endeavors to succeed some purposes that are predetermined and practiced through the entire course of its existence. In order for a company to succeed in its endeavors, its posits people as employees through which the company performs its processes. However, since people need direction the aspect of leadership and management is of core importance. Managers of an organization represent the people who administer the achievement of the organizations objectives. Managerial functions provide a template upon which the managers of the respective company base their decisions, actions and operations. The managerial roles of Abu Dhabi Media Corporation define the frontiers of operation and operations that govern the roles of the companys management. Abu Dhabi Media is a media corporation ground in Abu Dhabi and owns a snatch of media houses in the UAE including TV stations, re ports, Printing Pres and radio channels like Abu Dhabi Television, sacred Quran Radio, Al Ittihad newspaper and Image Nation (Books LLC, 2010). The organization was incorporated in 2007 as a corporation fully owned by the government. The legislation was enacted to lead to the growth of a multifaceted media firm in the Emirates. Among the objectives of forming the organization was to establish a cultural hub in the Middle East, as well as concentrate attention on Abu Dhabi as the commanding zone of the Emirates. Therefore, the crown prince of the Emirates founded five-member board of directors which comprised of chairman, deputy and triplet other members. The board was the supreme decision making organ of the comprehensive corporation that is responsible for the amplification of the vision and objectives of the organization and provide leadership. The corporations first assignment was the formation of the initial newspaper in English in Abu Dhabi, in mid 2007. As the company expan ded, it established a number of TV stations along with radio channels that are under different management. Each marcher of the holding company is managed by an executive director under whom there are several managers who bunk the decisions and vision of the company through their roles. Currently, the following functions of manager are incorporated in the normal cognitive operation of the media company staffing, organizing, leading, controlling, planning and directing. The roles, which

Reading assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading assignment - Essay ExampleIn The Abolition of Man, C.S Lewis uses the example of The commonality Book and its agents Gaius and Titius which is meant to provide English education for children (Lewis). Gaius and Titius basically created the following proposition, according to C.S. Lewis firstly, that all sentences containing a verb phrase of value are statements about the emotional state of the speaker, and secondly, that all such statements are un meaning(a)(Lewis). To Lewis, this is unimaginable and goes against the natural moral right as it teaches the belief that all emotions aroused by local standoff are in themselves contrary to reason and contemptible(Lewis). This means that a large part of the culture process in studying literature is being able to understand and interpret the emotions conveyed by the author of a piece. In turn, not being able to comprehend the emotional aspect or associating the emotions with something negatively charged or of little merit, stud ents are losing the lessons in ethics, morals, and philosophy that often are interwoven with literature. By victorious the emphasis off of this type of examination, the study of English and literature becomes much more scientific, clinical, and empty. Many of the important moral and philosophical lessons comes from literature and by threatening to take this aspect out of books or by placing less emphasis on it, the education system is not supporting the high morality that has existed in the Western hemisphere. Without this support, the moral and philosophical nature of the Western culture will further deteriorate and there will be a plethora of unreasonable citizens in its wake.C.S. Lewis continues his argument for natural moral law with providing evidence that society has lost objective truth and morality. According to Lewis Their skepticism about values is on the surface it is for use on other peoples values about the values current in their consume set they are not

Regulatory and Economic Environment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Regulatory and Economic surround - Term Paper ExampleIn fact, a somewhat hands-on approach is used in set out to have a say in the economy by the government. The regulatory framework in India is to pass on accounting information so that the government mess execute planning and managing of corporate behaviors. All companies atomic number 18 expected to be honest about their accounting practices irrespective of how big or small they ar. Types of chore organizations Roberts, Weetman and Gordon stated, an important economic feature influencing accounting is the type of business organization that dominates the economy. Two features of business organizations are particularly important in helping to explain accounting rules practices stated that in India the business can be categorized into very large business houses, medium business organizations and very small businesses. on that point are many family-owned businesses too. Contrary to the popular belief the family-owned businesses in India are not always small. In fact, the largest business house in this country is a family business. Hence the regulatory framework is based on the size of the business organization. ...In fact the implementation of the International Accounting Standard - IAS 41Agriculture can be attributed to the tweet from agriculturally rich countries like India. India is growing by leaps and bounds in technical sectors and exotic trade and investments. umpteen multinational companies have opened their doors to India. So accounting regulations are also issued in the interest of foreign currency transactions and translation. Legal factor India operates largely on the viridity law legal schema but incorporates religious laws too. According to Institutional Shareholder Services, Indias Companies Act has been in place since 1956 and sets out the actual three-tier system of administration on the national state and regional level (para.5). The main purpose of common law in this country is to protect the owners of the companies.

Systemic family therapy(psychotherapy) TEAM Essay

Systemic family therapy(psychotherapy) TEAM - Essay modelWithin the systems ascend, there are three different ways problems are approached, namely, the strategic approach, the morphological approach and the systemic approach. The strategic family therapist addresses problems in light of uncertain and inconsistent hierarchies within the family system (Watson n.d., p.381). He/she elicits power and control issues, and directs stir by means of family assignments or paradoxical injunctions (Haley 1976, Madanes 1981, cited in Watson n.d., p.381). A structural family therapist looks into family structure, subsystems, and boundaries with an ideal family structure in mind and tries to reorganize the boundaries of families. The systemic approach has its origin in the work of the Milan therapy team inspired by Mara Selvini Palazzoli along with L.Boscolo, G. Cecchin and G. Prata (Wright & Watson 1991, p.407). Systemic therapy involves conceptualization of family problems from a systemic pers pective, which plays an important role in the treatment process.Systemic therapists offer information and advice that liberate the family and enable them to crystallise their own problems. A systemic opinion is offered by conceptualizing the certifying symptom as a solution to close to other hypothetical or implied problem that would or could occur should the symptom not be present (Tomm, cited in Wright & Watson 1991, p.427). This is called reframing. ... They offer different and contradicting skylines of reality, referred to as split opinions, which enable the family to be more open to change (Wright & Watson 1991, p.428). Therapists require the family to follow a pattern of behavior that is different from what it is used to. This is referred to as a ritual. Rituals friend families to make new connections which in turn help them find new realities, leading to change and upshot of issues.The reflecting teamIn systemic family therapy, a reflecting team consisting of consultant s or co-therapists from different fields helps the family in purpose its own solution. The family is invited to sit behind a one-way mirror and observe the teams discussion on a previously held conversation between the family and the therapist. The teams voicing out aloud about the familys problems and possible solutions directs the family to consider tack together views of the family situation, problems and possible solutions.Andersen has suggested several assumptions and working guidelines for the reflecting team (cited in Jenkins 1996, p.1). A reflecting team follows the assumption that information unavoidably to shared and not withheld, and based on this, the team can share its thoughts with the family during discussions. When there are ternary ideas discussed, there are different perceptions of reality, and the familys perception of its situation is also enriched on hearing these differences. Consequently, the family gets an opportunity to view its problems and possible sol utions from alternate perspectives. These enriched pictures of the family and its dilemma form an ecology of ideas (Bogdan, cited in Jenkins 1996, p.1). Listening to the multitude of ideas and opinions of the reflecting team members helps the clients

How Service Providers Ensure Consumer Retention Essay

How Service Providers Ensure Consumer Retention - Essay ExampleThis is because it is only through node retention that these proceeds providers can gain a competitive advantage over other firms in the same industry. Nevertheless, the question is, how does these service providers ensure this? The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategies utilize by service providers to ensure node retention. One key element of customer retention is ensuring that customers are provided with quality goods and work (Buttle 12). It is noted that many service providers tend to strive towards the provision of quality good and services as a way of obtaining their customers loyal to the company. This is because no single customer would be willing to rise up back to get the products or services of a company that they had previous been dissatisfied. Buttle notes that many customers would only be willing to remain loyal to those companies that provide quality products and services to their custome rs (14). This is unitary of the reasons as to why companies much(prenominal) as Walmart, Target and Kroger among others adopt large customer retention base. These retail shops attribute its customer committedness to the fact that it provides better quality products and services, which has kept their customers coming again and again. Research shows that customer retention is not only based on provision of better quality products and services, but also on creating sentience on the existence of the products and services (Hennig-Thurau and Hansen 102). Many service providers are aware of this fact, and as a conduct engage on extensive advertising campaign to inform their customers of the existence of their products and services, as is the case with Walmart one of the largest grocery retail shop in the US. Walmart, for instance, does this through mailing be given, local advertising, video marketing, email list and facebook among others. Customer retention is also very much depende nt on customer service (Lamb 44). As a result, to ensure that customers remain loyal to the company, service providers always ensure that customers are provided with optimal customer service. This involves extending a helping hand to the customers all the time irrespective of the place and time. Technological advancement have made this easier to service provider as they can now do this through social media networks to keep in close contact with their customers as is the case with Target retail. This ensures that customers queries and problems are handled in time making them feel valued, thus building loyalty. In addition, many service providers ensure that those employed at the customer care desks are professional with etiquette, hospitable and able to handle their customers well. This is because these are the state who mainly come into close contact with customers first. They, therefore, their first impression with the customers can impact greatly on whether the customer will rema in loyal or not. Take for example a situation where a customer makes an important call to the company and it is not picked by the customer care employee in time. such(prenominal) behaviors makes customer feel less valued by the company and as such will want the services of competitors who can handle them well. Making a customer feel special and valued is other factor that contributes immensely to customer loyalty. Many at time, customers prefer being valued and treated in a special way for them to remain loyal.

The four agreements by don miguel ruiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The four agreements by don miguel ruiz - Essay ExampleDreams signify freedom. But our dreams atomic number 18 hardly unfettered, they atomic number 18 bound by the collective dreams of the family, country and religion and in the end to the highest degree of us atomic number 18 domesticated like the animals we know, doing a galvanic pile of activities, without quite knowing why we are doing it.The general Theme of the Book is that most of the Truths in life are self evident and simple. We are unable to land to them because we create chaos and muddy the picture. Most of the solutions to various problems are within us. in any case most of the problems are created by us too. The simple underlying fact of the book is that if we can beat some simple but very substantive agreements with ourselves, we most certainly be more enlightened and bring happiness to ourselves and others.In this first of agreements, the focus is on one thing. It is ones word. Miguel Ruiz shows us that it is something which is very tidy and can non be trifled with. The word is more than just an utterance. Indeed Bible has put the Word before everything1. Of dustup there it meant the eternal word of God. But even our words though at a lot lower level , still flummox a tremendous amount of power. It is who you are and what you feel. It is how you impact this world. wrangle have the power to create great good as it can create great evil. Miguel uses Hitlers ski tow as an example of how somebodys words caused not only to his country but to the World. Miguel likens the mouth word to a spell. And indeed words have the innate power to become self fulfilling prophecies. What one says, many times one believes, but it is more than that. The people who listen to us and respect us believe us when we say something. A word said in anger or frustration can have a life long impact on a child. But what does impeccability mean. Though it literally translates as being without sin, what Miguel means by it is word said without judgment and without anger. And the judgment has to be said divagation not just for others but for oneself too. Miguel does say that even if caustic words are said round others by you, you are only reflecting on yourself. Though you cause ravish to others by use of such(prenominal) words, you cause similar if not more damage to yourself. By doing that. Words are never spoken in vacuum. Indeed if you say a word in anger, they most likely will move back with a word of anger. But a word of love and kindness will get back the same response. Miguel uses a phrase over here called emotional poison. It is difficult not to notice, how drained we are aft(prenominal) an argument or after loosing our temper, and there is an opposite feeling after pleasant words full of love and kindness have been uttered. By an extension of this gossiping is the vilest do work of poison. It obviously hurts its intended target, but if you are a part of it, it can cause intense da mage to you, even if it is totally un true. Poison once mixed in water will mix through and through and everybody who drinks it will suffer from it. Miguel likens gossip to a computer virus, a small entity but with a possible of very large damage. What words you speak create a fertile environment for similar thoughts in your mind. A person constantly using impeccable words will always have a mind free of emotional poison.The Second Agreement Dont Take Anything PersonallyThe second agreement presents a very interesting argument. Do not take anything personally. Indeed, even if somebody puts

Cultural Immersion Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural Immersion Experience - establish ExampleInitially, prior to the event, one delved into a preliminary research on the religious beliefs and practices of Filipinos, particularly those who migrated in the United States. The first part of the discourse would at that placefore provide a brief overview of the culture of the Filipinos, specifically focusing on attending religious services. Subsequently, one would present the personal reflection of the cultural submerging experience by addressing specifically identified concerns.According to the study written and conducted by Smith, Denton, Faris & Regnerus (2002) entitled mathematical function American Adolescent Religious Participation, the authors revealed that the race of American adolescents influences their religious location and levels of religious liaison (p. 608). Measured in terms of percentage of racial groups attending religious affiliations, the report revealed that 47.7 percent of black young person ar Baptist 55.7 percent of Hispanic youth are Catholic 35.5 percent of Asian youth are Catholic, while 11 percent are Budhist (Smith, Denton, Faris, & Regnerus, 2002, p. 607).In another study written by Melendy (2000), it was disclosed that the vast majority of Filipino Americans are Roman Catholic, although about five percent are MuslimBecause the majority of early Filipino immigrants to the United States were single males, few Catholics attended church with either regularity. Once families began settling in the United States, however, religion became a central component of family and community manners (Melendy Religion, 2000, par. 1).(1) Description of the setting and presenting what was observed The setting was at the Sacred Heart Parish which was located at E. Twiggs alley at North Florida Avenue, Tampa, Florida. I observed that during the mass, the celebrant of the mass, called the priest presided the whole ceremony but there were some lectors and commentators who read gospel verses an d lead

Alternative ways of funding healthcare system Essay

Alternative ways of funding wellness superintend brass - Essay physical exertionIn this regard, healthcare system is required to be properly funded with the intention of have-to doe withing the needs of patients with intensify medical technology and providing best practiced medication as well as treatment facilities. Subsequently, the ontogeny cost of healthcare has been the main concern for the social policy makers with regard to health insurance coverage and growth for Medicaid. The increasing prices of the healthcare system have become a major concern as compared to other healthcare objectives. Developing countries are identified to be struggling in an immense vogue in order to extend healthcare policies coverage in the entire population. The social and the health care system has been a mass concern and government intervention is necessary to improve the same. The need of health policy planning has been observed to be a major requirement for the development of healthcare sy stem within a country. Contextually, funds are required to be procured with the aim of conducting healthcare operations effectively. In order to build a sustainable healthcare system the factor relating to accessibility plays an important utilisation for the healthcare system with regard to its availability and affordability (Gutirrez and Ferrara 1-16).Most of the countries are facing constant pressure to meet the need of funding of the healthcare policies owing to increasing healthcare expenditures. Presently, healthcare system needed fair to middling funds in order to meet the healthcare needs of people in an effective manner. healthcare system obtains financial funds from different sources that include government firms, private firms, household or individuals, irrelevant charity organisation and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) among others.In healthcare system, funding is necessary for different factors that include implementation of progressive technology, redefining m edical services, better access to

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT - inquiry Paper ExampleThis picture regards Christianity as everywhere presents and although we may not realize it, studies have indicated that this prospect is arguably not concise.(Adney, 2009) There ar conventions and communities that are unreached by Christianity and do not come anything concerning the same. They have adopted their own religion due to lack of kip downledge of other alternative plastic religion.Unreached people comprise of communities that have little or no access to the gospel. There are various reason that impede the spread of Christianity one is because some nations endorse laws that curtail Christian faith. another(prenominal) impeding factor is geographical and cultural barrier.All men in nature desire to know and it is unfitting that man should be content with experience that is unsuited to him, yet after the acquisition of this knowledge in sense things must change in a way that is contrary to the original beliefs. Th e inwardness of Christianity should in this regard be contextualized in the particular culture in order for it to be significant to them. (Crossman & Hoke, 1995)Using conservative estimates, unreached people compromise 70% of the global population. One eminent group in this category is the Chinese accounting for 150 million unreached Chinese in 900 groups. A particular group that has null knowledge about Christianity and is in dire need to hear of the gospel and salvation is the Hui from china. Although there are a meager number of scattered of believers, this group is most in all likelihood the largest group globally that has no record of the presence of a Christian fellowship group. Below is a map showing the location of the Hui communities in china. (Boling, 2012)The Hui are an official minority scattered all everyplace china. Their populace is densely concentrated in some provinces such as the Ningxia also known as the hometown of the Huis which habits about 20% of the Hui p opulation, Qinghai, and Gansu.They are about 10

What aspects of speech perception and preverbal communication prepare Essay

What aspects of speech perception and preverbal communication prepargon infants for oral communication development - screen ExampleLanguage acquisition is partly learned and partly innate as infants interact with the mint around them and their environment. For some children, picking up a nomenclature is the easiest thing in the world, but for others it is the hardest. galore(postnominal) factors are responsible for this such as genetic factors and factors relating to our family background, experiences and exposure. Tiny tots pick up the language without any(prenominal) formal training just by listening and practicing. They often surprise us with their use of lecture and phrases and often leave us wondering as to who taught them. For a child learning a language comes naturally by instinct. It doesnt need to be taught, but nurtured and groomed.There is an ongoing debate most whether the human language gradually evolved from more primitive forms of communication like shouts, ge stures or calls or whether the language feature is something unique to all humans. As Leaky (1994) states that language is a defining point in human prehistory, it is evident that language evolved.But the question is, did language evolve early, during the evolution of humans? Chomsky advocates that, evolved as an ability that arose as a consequence of the growing brain and therefore appeared late in our evolution.According to Tomassello 1999, the distinct feature of joint attention is what distinguishes us humans from apes. Therefore, the evolution of language is inextricably linked to joint attention. It is this feature that helps us to acquire knowledge and use it not wholly for communication but in the description of abstract things which are not within our reach. Primates are not capable of joint attention and therefore targetnot learn a language well.The manner in which you engage a child would determine the path of how language learning takes place in a child in his formati ve years from one to five. This is a very exciting period you can really enjoy listening to a child. Talking

E-Business strategy Essay Example for Free

E-Business dodging EssayGrandmas Treats, a newly owned family business dedicated in selling bakery items and wishes to go online for achieving awareness and catering its services to a large group of consumers. The various reasons for which it would derive online benefits so-and-so be summarized as follows Visibility is the largest accomplishment one aims in an online business. Its local brand gouge be promoted internationally to achieve a strategy for business continuity. Networking with some(prenominal) international brands and suppliers would create international links and would grant large scale opportunities for various upcoming suppliers and vendors. Consumers and customers would be able to access the store at their unloosen will. Secure payment options would entail greater compliance on the part of the company to arrange online corrupt options and security associated with it. Competitiveness with the online established brands would take them to reengineer their products better so that one is able to focus more than on quality. The enhanced marketing for the web put would make them sell to a large number of other businesses and consumers alter their B2B and B2C models.The customers would be able to compare the products and services with others so that they are able to decide upon the choices provided. Technology The engineering science required to get online and take care of the display of products and services would be focused on triplet aspects namely expect end design, middle level architecture and database. The front end design would compose setting up the website and would require HTML and client side technology for getting the job done.The foundation garment of the static pages would take HTML and JavaScript or VBScript must be used to validate the web site and its form entries and data storage requirements. The advanced technologies would make sure that data is represented well and affiliated for getting the usability right for the website. The usability features must be taken care so that one is able to recognize the look and feel, consistency of content, navigation patterns, anytime-anywhere traveling within the website and many more (Usability. gov, 2007). It also allows user to picture and reciprocate information, their current path and content for the website.The client side features enables the user to take the correct fulfill and guide them all along. The middle level architecture takes into account the business logic that is driving the front end and all the operations that the user is supposed to perform to accomplish a certain centre of their job. The business processes are the payment modules, generating the online dynamic content, tracking ones order, tracking the online cart or basket requirements, handling the database operations and making sure that they get everything they want.Several application severs like IBM Websphere, JBOSS can be used for the purpose. The database for the web site is composed of several tables which record data and information from the users of the system which comprise of several individuals, institutions and several other businesses. The data is stored and fetched when required to view the information. Databases of RDBMS nature such as Oracle, DB2 and others can be used for widespread storage of data and information. Privacy and security measuresThe privacy of the customer information and the minutes that are required to be made must be safe in all value so as to prevent eavesdropping and tapping of the message. The use of TLS (Transport Layer Security) and SSL (Secure Socket Layer) protocols can be used to facilitate contagion and transfer across a secured channel to prevent the misuse of customers personal and monetary data for their wide applicability and to perform online purchases IETF (2007).It takes care of the privacy of the information and makes sure that all communication is completely safe and abides by the privacy laws of the organization. The use of security measures like firewalls and antivirus softwares can help a long way to facilitate preventing of websites from intruders and vindictive content and programs. The firewalls would prevent the website from any malicious programs and take care of the safety of the website.

ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION Essay Example for Free

ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION EssayROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTIONIn a alivenesstime, e genuinelyone give face personal battles and wrong, some large and some small. Such as guilt over sneaking show up, not doing homework, or telling your parents a little white lie. People go tolerate peace of mind through redeeming themselves, in other words, we do something that makes up for the cause of guilt. Khaled Hosseinis young The Kite Runner revolves around betrayal and redemption. Redemption is the act of saying or being save from sin, error or evil, which the main character emeer seems to need the most. Amir lives with the guilt he has strengthened up over the years because of one incident from his childhood. Amirs captures words still echo through his dubiousness A boy who wont viewpoint up for himself becomes a man who cant stand up to anything. pg. 24 Although Amir destroyed the lives of many people, and he has had more(prenominal) than one opportunity to redeem himself of his g uilt, he is not the selfish little boy he once was.How often does one stop and think, How will this affect everyone else in my life? Amir had a chance in the alley, to put Hassan first and transfigure the path of both their lives, tho he made the decision to turn around and run because it was what he thought was best for himI had one last chance to make a decision. One last(a) opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan the way hed stood up for me all those times in the past and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran. I ran because I was a coward. I was aquaphobic of Assef and what he would do to me. I was afraid of getting hurt. Thats what I told myself as I turned my concealment to the alley, to Hassan. Thats what I made myself believe. I in reality aspired to cowardice, because the alternative, the real reason I was running, was that Assef was right Nothing was free in this world. Maybe Hass an was the price I had to pay, the lamb I had to slay, to win Baba. pg.77Amirs selfish ways were a result of the lack of his bewilders affection in his life. As a young boy, he was forced to deal with his fathers disinterest in him, which made him unbelievably jealous of Hassan. Amir could not understand at the time, why his father adored his servants son morethan his own son. As the tension increases between Amir and Hassan, Amir can no longer stand to see Hassan everyday because of what Amir had not stopped and he could not bare seeing his father showing Hassan love and not him. Hassan and his father are forced to leave their home by and by Amir places his watch under Hassans pillow and accuses him of stealing it. Hassan did not even deny the accusations because he had figured out what Amir was doing. Hassan knew. He knew I had betrayed him and yet he was rescuing me once again, maybe for the last time. pg.111 Even after the alleged theft of the watch, Amirs father is willing t o forgive Hassan, which stunned Amir, and made him see that the love his father has for Hassan is greater than he imagined.Amir did not secure ruin Hassans life he also done for(p) the lives of many people with his decisions after the incident in the alley. Baba lost a chance to watch his son, Hassan, bring on up and also lost the chance to bring him to America so he could start a new life. Sohrab lost both his parents to war because they were still living in Afghanistan, lost his childhood to war, and tried to commit suicide as a result of Amir going back on his telephone to keep him safe from orphanages. Soraya lost her right to the truth when Amir kept his past a obscure even though she opened up to him about hers. It is one thing to destroy your own life with guilt, nevertheless it is a completely different issue when you destroy the lives of others.Before Amir can go on the road to redemption, Amir must realize that he cant go back and transport what he has done as a ch ild, and he must find inner peace. Although if it was not for Amirs actions as a child, Sohrab never would have needed to be saved in the first place only by saving Sohrab, the last piece of Hassans life, does make a difference. From the moment he chose to turn his back on Hassan, there were many chances where Theres a way to be good again pg.238 for all his wrongdoings, but he chose not to take any of these. Sohrab was his last and only chance for redemption.I have a wife in America, a home, a career and a family. precisely how could I pack up and go back home when my actions may have cost Hassan a chance at those very same things? And what Rahim Khan revealed to me changed things.Made me see how my entire life, long before the winter of 1975, dating back to when that singing Hazara woman was still nursing me, had been a cycle of lies betrayals and secrets. pg.238Amir admits that he cost Hassan a chance at a good life and that he had many opportunities to change the outcome of H assans life. But at this moment he realized he could lose everything he has built in America, but for the first time in his life, Amir did not care about only himself, he came to term with what he had done, and he was ready to redeem himself at any cost.Amir at long last became the man who stood up for himself and his sins. Throughout his childhood, Amir looked for his fathers affection and he never could get it. His father had said Im telling you, Rahim, there is something missing in that boy. pg.24 Amirs father would have been proud of him at this very moment because that was all he had wanted from him.The guilt that was built over the years was finally put to rest at the natural rubber of Sohrab. In Afghanistan when Amir stood up for Sohrab and Assef aggressively beat him up, Amir had said My body was brokenjust how badly I wouldnt find out until laterbut I felt healed. Healed at last. I laughed. pg.289 which showed Amir had come to terms with what he had done as a child and w as finally felt relieved. Although he was getting beat up, it did not matter anymore, he just wished he had stood up to Assef years ago, and maybe he would have earned his redemption in that alley.

A Day in the Life of Alex Sander Essay Example for Free

A Day in the Life of Alex drum sander EssayI had to plunge in and make a lot of snap decisions in these areas. face back, I can see one poor strategy decision, but on the whole my judicial decision has been right on intent. And if being pushy and commanding is the only personal manner to get the job throughto get two new proceedss out in one yearthen its deserving it to me. Even if I have to steamroll over someones feelings, or ignore the way a colleague would like to handle a project. Sander Well, I get ticked off lovely easily. For example, I cant stand explaining something more than a couple of times. merely what really bothers me is privation of commitmentfor example, if a long-time employee isnt leave merchantmaning to put in extra hours to meet an important deadline. entirely you know what? After I really become angry, there are people at Landon whose create will jump for at least a couple of weeks afterwards. My temper is actually an effective attention tool . 900 A. M. Leong nodded apologetically to Garrison as she left and said, The interviewer from your alumni magazine is here. The magazine was interviewing Sander for an article on high-potential product managers as part of a career development issue.He did not insufficiency to further embarrass Garrison, a 20-year veteran of the company, by interrupting still, he needed to bubble to Sander. op yo Neighbor I remember you mentioning some sparks with your assistant when you first started at Landon. rP os t A Day in the Life of Alex Sander Driving in the Fast Lane at Landon Care Products 2177 and so on. But youre never in charge of your own creation. Thats the main reason I received a job at Landon. Landon is a pretty small shop, and Ive been involved in each detail of my product launches.Ive really enjoyed the strategy piecegathering data about securities industry share, figuring out the most profitable positioning for my brands. As a product manager, you have to talk to RD, the n work with marketplace research to see whether you have a feasible idea that will attract consumers. Then you work with advertising. You partner with all the departments to synchronize the programs details. A product manager must ensure a targeted, quality product, whose distinctive features will be clear to the target consumer. Then you have to make the product right and get it to market.At that moment, Sanders blackberry bush buzzed and, with a quick apology, Alex picked up the call. I need to get a piece of data from this market researcher before my team meeting this afternoon, Sander explained. While waiting for Sander to finish, the interviewer glanced around Alexs office. It was large for so new a product manager, and the interviewer noted the award plaques on the credenza behind Sanders desk. Sander finished the brief phone call, and the two continued talking. For the last question, the interviewer asked, Alex, in your opinion, which type of person is best suited to being a product manager?

How To Make Your Car Shine Essay Example for Free

How To Make Your gondola machine Shine Essay enlarge a auto is comparable art. You mystify take out with a unsporting auto. Put roughly hard work and sweat into it. You, the artist, can offer it into a masterpiece When I was a young boy, I would function my Dad detail his car every weekend. When I was fifteen, I got my drivers permit and originateed detailing cars. I made a simple flyer with nonreversible wording and flashy pictures of exotic sports cars and posted it in my neighborhood. At sixteen with my drivers certify and a car, my business took off. I have quite a bit of experience detailing cars and would like to share with you how to do it step by step. To detail a car properly, you must introductory start by doing a thorough neating of the interior(a), exterior, and finally by mud barring and waxing it.The first thing to do is to drop sure you have a shaded area to work in, so your car wont piddle spot while drying it. Having a garage is ideal. Remem ber to keep provide if its hot. Open all the doors and trunk. Remove any floor mats and give the carpet and upholstery a trus dickensrthy vacuuming. While vacuuming put on a skinny nozzle on the tube of the vacuum, so you can begin in the hard to reach places, for instance in between the seat and center console and the chthonic the seats and in between the seat crevasses. A lot of multiplication when you vacuum sand is the to the highest degree difficult to get protrude be designer its so small. There is also a lot of pebbles and dogshit that get stuck in between the crevasses. It just requires diligence and patience with the vacuum to get this pesky crap out. conserveing(a) wash the floor mats. If theyre rubber, use a brush and soap.Move the front seats spacious fore and aft to get to all the accumulated dirt and loose change. If the carpets are just, except for a minor malignment or two, use a foaming dry-cleaned to get the stains out. Saturate the stain with cleane r, working it in with a damp sponge. Let it sit awhile and then blot it out with paper towels or a dry cotton cloth. When you remove the stains from the carpet a lot of times the cloth willing turn brown or whatever the color of the stain is. That is a fair indication to know if the stain is coming out. Repeat if necessary, and then go over the area with a damp sponge before final blotting. Dont over saturate the carpet and risk getting mildew.Next move onto the seats of the car. If the seats are made of cloth, just do a thorough vacuuming. If in that respect are stains you wish to remove, I recommend using a foam carpet and upholstery cleaner. Some unspoilt brands for that product are Armor All and Meguiars. If the car seats are leather, use a leather cleaner/ conditi whizzr. I recommend using Ice Total Interior Care. It is great for all interior sur face ups including leather, vinyl, and even carpet stains. It cleans and conditions and doesnt leave a slippery residue or smell. Apply the cleaner to a microfiber cloth or cotton cloth. But microfiber is the best. because do nib motions on the seats. slash seats tend to accumulate elbow grease, which makes lighter colored seats brown and gives it that greasy feeling. So it is good to be thorough and use generous amounts of leather cleaner/ conditioner.The color will be the same when it comes off on to the cloth. You may need to do a lot of rubbing and circular motions, to remove the grease/ dirt. Also it is good to keep mum over the cloth and use the clean place because you dont want to rub off the dirt on the dirty side anchor on to the seat. Make sure you cover all the seats surfaces thoroughly to achieve maximum cleanliness. often add more interior cleaner to the cloth and check the color of the cloth, as it will turn to a brown or black color depending on how dirty the seat is. It is good to fold the cloth to the other side so that you dont wipe dirt back on to the seats from the dirty side. In wo rst case scenarios you may have to use more than one cloth. Also wipe prevail over the dashboard real good because those tend to get make cleany. In some instances some leather seats are really old and can be dry and cracked. I recommend using a leather conditioner and apply generously.Next move on to the windows. lend oneself two clean microfiber cloths. I recommend using a product called Invisible Glass, because it is clean and easy to use and leaves hardly any residue. Spray the glass cleaner onto the cloth and wipe the windows thoroughly. past use the flake cloth to wipe off the excess film residue. Windows are tricky because you cant ceaselessly see film residue. You have to go back and check them and wipe again. My recommendation is work in good lighting. The last step in detailing the interior is to get q-tips. Dip them in water and get in between the air vents and all the small corners and crevasses because there will probably be dust in there. You will be surprised ho w black the q-tips turn if your air vents havent been cleaned in awhile.The next step is to clean the exterior of the car. To do this you will need a bucket, car wash soap (dont use dishwasher soap as it will strip the car of wax), a sponge, brush and a lug nut brush. Start off by nebulisering down the sassings. Sometimes rims have a lot of break dust that gives it a black color. This is especially greenness on European sports cars like BMWs, which are notorious for this. If your rims are really dirty and have a lot of brake dust, thats hard to remove. I recommend using a tire and rim cleaner, which is a foam or spray that you put on the rims that helps to loosen the dirt. Use the sponge to clean the rims.Make sure you get the corners double-check them because rims with complex designs make it easy to miss a spot. Use the brush for the tires and lug nut brush to get in between the lug nuts. When removing brake dust using a sponge from the kitchen is the best because its small and easy to get into the small crevasses. stop dust gets baked into the rims from the sun and heat. Which makes it annoyingly hard to get out. I like to use a sponge where half of it is rough, and the other half is smooth. Lightly use the rough side of the sponge and make light small circular motions on the stubborn brake dust to remove it, and that usually doest the trick.Then spray down the car and wash the car with the carwash soap and sponge. Make sure to frequently spray down the car, as you dont want the water to dry on the car and cause water spots. Then move the car inside and dry with a good-quality chamois or a soft thick-nap terry cloth towel. Open all the doors and the trunk and use the cloth to wipe off the water inside the spaces and corners. Then you can spray tire shine on to the tires to make it quality jet-black.Finally its time to clay bar and wax. This is the closely tiring part of the process, but is also the most rewarding, because it makes the biggest differen ce in your cars finish. Clay barring removes all the contaminants from your cay that are stuck onto the light-colored coat. These contaminants make your paint feel rough. These contaminants include deposits from acid rain, bird poop, dust, and tree sap. Clay barring makes the paint as smooth as glass and makes it shiny. The kit you need for doing this is called Meguiars Clay Barring Kit. First start by spraying the quick detail bottle evenly onto the paint surface.Use the bar of clay with back and forth motions until the bar starts to move freely across the paint. Frequently check the clay, as it will get dirty from picking up all the contaminants. Fold the clay over to a clean side and pinch off the real dirty pieces. When the car feels smooth, use a microfiber cloth to caramel brown the paint. It should feel smooth as glass. Lastly use wax to protect your paint and give it the last finish. I highly recommend using Turtle Wax Ice Liquid Polish because it goes on clear and doesn t leave white dust. Use an applicator pad to apply the wax evenly on parts of the car. I like to wax half the car at a time. Then let it dry for a few minutes and then wipe it off with a microfiber cloth.Detailing a car is not an easy job and that is why many people pay mortal to do it for them. The reason I detail cars is, because people pay salubrious for car detailing services. If you follow the steps above, you will probably put in two to three hours or more and your car should be smooth and sparkling. When I return it to a customer and see the smile on their face and receive great compliments I receive great satisfaction knowing that the job was well done. Plus I am greatly rewarded with hard cash I hope these instructions help you to achieve great car detailing

The Awakening- Ednas Independence Essay Example for Free

The Awakening- Ednas Independence leavenIn Kate Chopins The Awakening, Edna Pontellier is a character who is alienated from the rest of society. She carries views which do non coincide with the norm, and in a way establishes her own idea of how women should live and be treated. Not only do her views alienate her from society, but she also physically separates herself from the life she used to live and the squeamish culture into which she was born. During this time, it was expected of a woman to be the perfect picture of a wife and mother, an Angel of the House. Even early on on in the novel Edna is shown to be the type of woman that doesnt fit the bill. While to the highest degree other mothers, such as Adele Ratignolle, would bend over backwards to take care of their children, Edna is clearly not as much a mother-woman her children had learned to be the type to stand up and brush take away the dirt rather than run to mommy if they fell down. Her marriage to Leonce was more a social normal than it was a loving relationship, as if she only married because it was the thing to do.This was not an uncommon arrangement, but Ednas treatment of it was- with little passion and emotional connection in her marriage, she commits emotional adultery finding companionship in the form of Robert Lebrun. Later in rediscovering music and art, she also shirks all responsibility as a wife and mother, ignoring her expected duties in order to concentrate on her painting. This is far from the picture of the perfect Victorian wife. Ednas physical separation from her old life is symbolic of her opposing views about women and their role in the community.With her husband away and her boys with their grandmother, Edna lives as a single woman. Her choice to remove herself from the life of a mother-woman is self- neutralizeory to everything she was taught to do. Her claim of independence is unheard of, and society doesnt know how to react. In her Victorian culture, women are the property of men and have no claims to their own lives, nor have they any means to their own wants and needs this was the practise everyone had grown up on, the custom everyone was used to.Edna rebels against this belief with her nonconformist decision to live on her own, as her own being, with her own mental and emotional and sexual desires. There is an instance when Edna and Robert are discussing a coming(prenominal) together, and Robert notes his wish to free Edna from Leonce, because he is still under the belief that she is an object to be passed from one owner to another. Edna then calls him silly for believing such things, for she is an independent person, whom no one governs but her own self. Ednas intellectual, emotional, and sexual awakenings, though giving her the independence she craves, isolate her from the rest of society.There is one point in the novel where Edna speaks of walking, how she doesnt mind walking to get to places farther off and how she feels bad for t hose women who dont take the walk because they are missing so much. Edna knows she is the only woman who has taken the walk, taken the probability to discover living outside of societal norms and finding out how freeing it is. As much as she wants someone to join her, in her last awakening she realizes no one will- Robert wants to marry her out of meeting rather than cross the boundaries and be her lover.Edna realizes she cannot escape the chains of societys expectations, and she is utterly alone. Ednas closing off grows as she has more and more revelations about her life and herself. Though starting simply as the matchless one out among the mother-women, she becomes the lone rebel across the societal boundaries. Her beliefs about women as independent, intellectual, sexual, and emotional beings contradict the societal views demonstrated along her journey of awakening.

Molar Volume of a Gas Essay Example for Free

Molar Volume of a Gas leavenIntroductionIn this lab I am going to find verboten the hoi polloi of whizz mole of heat content gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The room pressure only ab reveal differs from the standard, but can be taken into consideration when calculating the results. The hoagie volume is 22.41 liters per mole at STP (Standard pressure), in other words, at zero degrees centigrade.Figure 3.1 (the experiment set up)Procedure1. notice up all equipment.2. Cut a piece of Magnesium laurel wreath about 20cm in length. 3. lead the weight of the ribbon from the weight of a 1 m long ribbon.4. Measure 1.0 M Hydrochloric acidulous to a volume of 25-30ml.5. Pour the HCl to the chemical substance reply flaskful.6. Add the Mg ribbon to the answer flask and vouch the mouth of the flask as fast as possible with a hose. Make sure that the hydrogen gas cannot escape from the flask.7. Follow the temperature8. Collect the gas until no further reception i s observed in the reaction flask.9. Carefully remove the gas parade flask so that no gas escapes from the flask.10. lower the gas.11. Determine the volume of the gas.12. Calculate the molar volume of H2 gas at room temperature.a) theoretical harbor from Vm =22.44 l/mol at STP.b) experimental value from your data.Equipment* 2 flasks (volume at least 600ml)* large container (volume at least 3,5 l)* Magnesium ribbon* 30ml of Hydrochloric acid* thermometer* a hose (to cover the reaction flask)Observations* Magnesium ribbon was a little oxidized for it had lost some of its shine.* When the collection flask was turned around and move in the water system filled container, there were tiny air bubbles on the inside walls of the flask.* When Magnesium ribbon was added, it began to corrose in the HCl* Instantly after adding the Mg ribbon to the hydrochloric acid, temperature in the reaction flask started to rise as a chemical reaction took place in the flask.* Moisture and (fog) blocked th e view of the reaction* today after adding the Mg ribbon, hydrogen bubbled to the collection flask* Hydrogen bubbled to the flask for about a minute,stopping briefly after the ribbon had corrosed in to the HCl.* There was a hissing vowelize as the chemical reaction occurred in the reaction flask and the gas flowed to collection flask through a pipe.* The temperature in flask A rose quickly by a hardly a(prenominal) degrees celsius and then stayed nearly constant for the 15 minutes the temperature was measured.* The temperature did not change in flask Bhowever, it cannot be extractd for sure as it was only compared with the temperature of flask A.* The temperature in flask A rose very quickly as the reaction started* The amount of hydrogen produced from the reaction was large for large bubbles of gas rose to beaker B within few seconds after starting the experiment* The volume of the reaction flask was not measured, but it is close to the volume of the other flask (629ml)* After the reaction, when lighting the hydrogen gas, collection beaker made a popping sound but the reaction flask actually burned and formed a thin flame.* The flame from the reaction flask gave out a lot of heat, which was not noticed when lighting the gas in the collection flask.Theoretical = 22.5 l/molVm= 22.410.36 % errorThe molar volume was 0.36% too large. The error can decrease from water vapour in the collection flask 10cm water below the glass air in the collection flask temperature rise in the reaction flask water vapour in the reaction flaskEvaluationThis experiment had many error-causing factors, which probably influenced the results. Overall, the calculations showed that very little error (0.36% error) which made me a little skeptical about the results. Such a small error percentage was not expected.To depict out a few mistakes, I did not measure the difference in height of the water level from the progress of the water-filled container. This would have allowed further in vestigation about the volume of hydrogen in the flask. Also, the take up volume of the reaction flask was not measured. It was only stated by eye that the flasks looked to be the equivalent size.Other than that, the experiment was performed well. It was made sure that none or very little air was remaining in the collection flask when turning it around and placing it in the water filled container. There were a few tiny air bubbles on the walls however, the air in the reaction flask was more probably to influence the result. Having a lab partner helped with managing time, for one was able to follow the temperature while the other analyze the time. We made sure that we had read the instructions carefully and thought twice before deciding what methods to exercise when, for example, turning the flask upside down in the water.Conclusion In conclusion, the experiment turned out some successful results. When magnesium reacted with the hydrochloric acid, hydrogen was released into the flask from where it flowed through a pipe to the collection flask. The molar volume of H2 gas at room temperature is 22.79 l/mol, which is also the rate for the hydrogen gas in the collection flask. The amount of H2 gas in the flask is impossible to calculate for the amount of water vapour and air was measured when performing the experiment. The experimental value turned out unexpectably very small. 0.36% error in the experiment seems very small, unless there has been some unnoticed mistakes that have influenced the experimental value.The theoretical value is 22.5 l/mol.Temperature changes during the experiment turned out some interesting results, for the temperature seems to start falling soon after the chemical reaction has ended, yet it begins to rise a little after a few minutes and remain constant for a long time before starting to fall (figure 3.2). From the information gained during this experiment, it is difficult to state why this happened therefore, some extra research sh ould take place if performing the experiment again.Improved investigation For further investigation, temperature should be measured for longer than 15 minutes in order to find out the rate the temperature is going to fall in a closed flask. The distance between water surface in the container and the surface in the flask should also be measured. For more accurate results, factors such as air and water vapour in the flask should be taken into consideration when calculating the lowest values. Advisable would be to do some research on why the temperature changed the way it did in this experiment.

GM Food Essay Example for Free

GM feed EssayYou are required to write an article titled GM Food on the understructure of websites and sofewares. In the article, you are expected to present the points as follows the definition of GM nutriment, the possible prospects and problems, your attitude towards GM sustenance. The article should be no less than 500 words. Genetically circumscribed (GM) foods are foods derived from genetically circumscribed organisms. Genetically change organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering, using a demonstrate of either Cisgenesis or Transgenesis. GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s.Typically, genetically modified foods are transgenic plant products soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture awarded the safety cerfiticate to two kinds of transgenic rice, and this triggered a large-scale discussion. Many people oppose it and refuse to eat GM foods. They objected to GM food s on several(prenominal) grounds such as GMFs have not been a success, there is no mental test in homo being. The GM foods maybe change human gene in future. Genetically modified crops will affect other plants around them and change other species, then more and more species will vary or disappear. GM foods have the advantage in both(prenominal) price and output, so conventional farmers will lose the market. Then few companies who have transgene proprietary technology will control food market. On the contrary, many proponents of GM foods have other opinions People eat GM foods, then the foods are analysed and assimilated corresponding normal foods, there is no theory to support that GM foods will change human beings gene. There is a food supply issue in the developing world, in order to meeting the demand for food and confronting the climate change we need to increase use of GM crops. The GM crops use less pesticide, It is more safty than normal crops. Actually, more and mor e GM foods appear in our lives. When you have dinner in the restaurant, maybe you eat the GM oil, GM corn and GM rice, still you just dont know. Genetically modified food is science brings us the product, now of accomplished land area of less, genetically modified food will play more and more main(prenominal) role, if the use of transgenic technology can solve the world food shortage problem, it is not quite safe?Genetically modified food in the world now is a kind of spick-and-span things, parvenue things, people need time to promote its accept also need some time, we cannot put new things in the cradle, a stick to it from the beginning, that cannot be eaten of genetically modified food. You think we dont of hybrid rice is a genetically modified food? But we can open it from? And if they can pass the soybeans genetically modified technique using atmospheric nitrogen inside his produces fertilizers to other crops gene transfer in the mankind, it is.Everything is both sides, es pecially technology, science and technology is a double-edged sword? Genetically modified food has its disadvantages, like some worry, because it will not change, will destroy genetic evolution, etc. Genetically modified food and nutrition inside it isnt like that, the propaganda of people worry is understandable, after accepting a new things tamp down time. But we also should see the benefits of them, I think as time slowly past, genetically modified foods will be accepted by people.

Ford Motor’s Financial Health Progress Report Essay Example for Free

cross Motors Financial Health Progress cogitation EssayIn the coming week, Learning Team B willing discuss the monetary wellness of Ford Motor Co. The discussion will include an analysis of the current monetary condition by and by calculating profitability ratios, fluidness ratios, activity ratios, and solvency ratios. We will answer questions about where the companion began, how the company manages their enthronisations, and where the company is now monetaryly. We will also look at the DuPont Method as it relates to Ford Motor Co. and their financial troubles.Specific Task that pass on been AccomplishedHow Much the Company has borrowed?It has been discovered that Ford Motor Co. borrowed 23.5 jillion dollars in 2006 from the government in an effort to reduce debt. Ford Motor Companys debt liabilities, longsighted term-debts, current notes is the total of what the company has borrowed. Define the Business NeedBecause of the money borrowed, Ford is in give shape than General Motors and Chrysler. The financial ratios, profitability, liquidity, activity, solvency, have already been calculated. The business need will include upper-level deliverables to resolve problems. The business needs of the Ford Motor Company is to improve in the area of recidivate on equity and return on capital by addressing node service needs and customer satisfaction as a means of retention of reputation and quality assurance.How liquid is the CompanyThe voiding of Ford Motor Company can easily be defined as the ability in which as plus can be converted into cash, to meet short-term financial obligations. In narrate for Ford to meet this obligation, the company has to have more liquid. The company can calculate their liquids by utilise financial rations such as cash ratio, quick ratio, and current ratio.How Efficiently the Organization is using its AssetsThis will be determined by using the Debt symmetrys of the companys liabilities and assets. Additionally, the s traight line depreciation regularity will be used to determine if assets are profitable or assuming greater debt to the company. intensiveness and weaknessThe strength and weakness of an organization is crucial. According to (Titman, Keown, Martin, p. 79), Financial ratios impart a second manner for standardizing the financial information in the income statement and balance sheet. Ratios answer questions about the firms financial health or strength and weaknesses. The relevant questions are how liquid is the firm, will it be able to hire on time, did the firm finance the purchase of assets, is the management efficient in utilizing assets to generate sales, is ROI adequate found on the organization financial goals and objectives, and are shareholders getting value for their investment.The ratio mechanism is liquidity, capital structure, and asset management efficiency, profitability, and market value ratios assessments. The acid test is the current ratio to assess firm liquidit y we assume that the firms accounts receivable will be collected and turned into cash on a timely basis and that its inventories can be sold without an extended delay. But the truth is that a companys inventory might not be very liquid at all, (Titman, Keown, Martin, p. 80).Debt righteousness FinancingAccording to (Investorwords.com, 2014), Debt financing requires borrowing money, usually as a loan from a bank, financial institution or commercial finance companies, to fund investment of the organization. Organizations must keep in learning ability that debt builds credit that s supports lower insurance rates and future borrowing. Additionally, an organization can gain a tax deductible interest rate to lessen the impact of repayment. Equity financing requires investment partners that provide funding for a share of ownership. Each type of financing has advantages and disadvantages of appeal, organizations use both to finance investment ventures.Problems, Solutions, and Potential Is suesThe high-level of deliverables occurs according to the Britannica (2014)website because of financial struggles at the beginning of the 21st century, the company sold bump off Aston Martin in 2007 and both Jaguar and Land Rover in 2008. In addition to selling Ford manufactures passenger cars, trucks, and tractors as well as parts and accessories.Next StepsThe team should further flesh out on the business need of Ford Motor Co. The Market Value Added (EVA) and Economic Value Added (EVA) have been research, but need to be further researched to explain difference it makes for Ford Motor Co. All ratios and roe need to be calculated and explainedELIZABETH Profitability RatioLiquidity RatioActivity RatioSolvency RatioROEDuPont MethodFinally, the team needs to determine how profitable the organization is at the end of the research. evidenceIn concluding, Learning Team B discusses the financial health of Ford Motor Company indoors a progress level. The report includes an analysis of the current financial condition after calculating profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, activity ratios, and solvency ratios. The report answer questions about where the company began, how the company manages their investments, and where the company is now financially. The report finally looks into the DuPont Method as it relates to Ford Motor Co. and their financial troubles.

Reflection on Global Operation Management Essay Example for Free

Reflection on worldwide Operation Management EssayPietra Rivoli who is an associate professor in the Georgetown University, specializes in finance and neighborly issues, and is the author of the book, The Travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy. The main reason which instigated Rivoli to write this book, was a speech a student had give backn at the Georgetown University, the student was severely criticizing globalization, and asking about who make the T-shirts they were wearing. She told some facts about child labor in India and Vietnam, which made e trulybody, sit up and think, including Rivoli. Rivoli then starts on a journey to acknowledge out some interesting facts about the origin of the T-shirt. Her case deliberate starts in Texas at the home of Nelson Reinch, who produces enough cotton for more than 1.3 million T-shirts. Reinch and his colleagues control the totally terra firma market of cotton, through hard work, determination, modern technology and much needed discounts from the disposal. Reinch was no where in equality to the abject farmers in India and Africa, who did not have kosher funds or government brook in marketing their goods.Rivolis next stop was China, were she met a young woman Yuang Zhi, who spun the yarn for the fabric and fasten the shirt. This young lady worked for 50 hours a week, and earned nearly $150 per month. This womans operative conditions were far better than the conditions in which women had to work previously in Manchester and England. This was probably the womans first off encounter with independence and identity, which came in the form a paycheck, even though it was a small amount. The almost important point which was very surprising was that, throughout the world there must be millions of mountain who manufacture cotton, but the manufacturers from Texas were totally dominating the cotton industry, because of their shrewd manner by which they manage to forefend competition. These manufacturers mana ge to control the market by avoiding the labor market, which make the separate manufacturers unable to compete with them out-of-pocket to no government and political assistance, lack of proper education and money. People who support globalization imprecation by the large-minded trade of clothes, as it can be used to the advantage of the poorer countries.Rivoli was surprised to find that how recycled clothes from the USA were a rage in Tanzania. Used clothes from America get trade in huge quantities to Tanzania. Tanzania is a small country which was slowly proceeding towards a more plentiful capitalist system from the socialist model. People argon able to idlely take part in the daily auctions of the clothes at the market place, and merchants are also making a mark for themselves in the cutthroat markets as consumers or retailers. Rivoli feels that free trade should be encouraged without any government or political interference in the markets.According to the author, United St ates is on the top of the market whereas Africa is at the tail she feels that USA will have a better chance to make progress economically if they give a reasonable chance of competition to other poorer countries. Tanzania is a proper example of how a free market should work, and these markets are extremely professional, but do not get acknowledged, because of the low capital elevated through such markets, which is not significant.Two of the most important principles which need to be followed are that, government and political interference should not be there in any market. Another point is that the allowance which US government gives the cotton manufacturers is indirectly harming other poorer countries. Rich people are becoming wealthier and the poor are becoming poorer. If the subsidies are reduced, the price of cotton can be increased, which would be beneficial to other poorer markets. Another important point which is a shock is that the clothes that people donate, are not inc lined away freely to poor people, but are sold to middlemen for huge profits, which later land in the streets of the Tanzania marketplace.Some of the most important principles which can be followed by other industries also are that free market in any trade should be encouraged, and people should have the power to voice their demands, centre a free democracy should be prevalent to achieve a fruitful society. Government should support free trade in any industry, and should provide the necessary platform in the form of proper education and capital to help the markets grow. Some of the other reasons for the trouble that African industries are facing are the lack of proper authority, which is due to no proper education, corruption and insecurity.The author Rivoli made a very good job of the book, she was successful in exposing the secrets and complications of the cotton trade globally. Her views on free trade and patient of democracy are very interesting, and should be followed by the authorities of the poorer countries for a better society. On the whole she succeeded in voicing her thoughts and opinions on the recycle market in Tanzania, and hopefully, their government will provide a strong platform for such global trades.ReferencesKris Hundley, What a T-shirt Teaches Series., St Petersburg Times, 4 October 2007, http//pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sptimes/access/819871301.html? mac=02bf1febf29a46475f850792f7bc0fa9did=819871301FMT=FTFMTS=FTdate=author=pub=printformat=1desc=What+a+T-shirt+teaches+Series%3A+BOOKS.Lauren Dorsey, Lauren Barbieri, Zack Thomas, The Travelers of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy, by Pietra Rivoli, 4 October 2007,http//www-learning.berkeley.edu/cipolat/PDF/ISF100E/Student%20Summaries/Rivoli.pdf.

Enlightenment Essay Example for Free

Enlightenment EssayImmanuel KantIn December 1783 Johann Friedrich Zllner published an article in Berlinische Monatsschrift that state his opposition to civil marriage, an idea proposed in a previous issue of the journal. Zllner wrote that the foundations of morality had been agitate in the name of enlightenment and concluded his piece with the distrust what is enlightenment? Zllner insist that this question must first be answered before one begins to enlighten1. Immanuel Kants reply to Zllners question is much considered the most famous and most important. In his essay, Kant succinctly outlined his opinion on what enlightenment is, the obstacles to enlightenment and how personist(a)s achieve enlightenment.Kant defined enlightenment as mans release from his self-importance-incurred upkeep and the courage to use your have got terra firma2. Kant believed that laziness and cowardice were the prime reasons why many men remained un-enlightened3. Kant asserted that people refused to throw off the yoke of self-imposed tutelage because it was easier to pay people to think for them and sink their lives4. As Kant put it a person could pay to buy a book to serve as understanding, a pastor to serve as a conscience and a physician to determine a diet. There was no real need for an individual to exert their own will or their own reason since these benevolent guardians would take over an individuals life for them5. The cloak of enlightenment, therefore, was the act of rejecting this casual form of life and asserting the primacy of your individual reason to reject the conventions of the social guardians who Kant asserted herded company wish docile, dumb livestock6.It is necessary to understand Kants definition of enlightenment in order to gain approximately understanding of what Kant sentiment was an enlightened age and what was an age of enlightenment. Kant argued that obstacles to individual enlightenment went beyond self-imposed obstacles. independe nce was the essential ingredient for enlightenment. Society, however, imposed restrictions on exemption through laws and religion that constrained free concept through law, convention or threat. Knowledge was also a requirement but access to it was often very restricted and guarded in late eighteenth century Europe but attempts were existence made to bring knowledge to the masses. An age of enlightenment was a time when obstacles to enlightenment were being take away or eroded, Kant believed that late eighteenth century Europe was in such an age. As a friendship allowed to a greater extent emancipation, it became more enlightened. An enlightened age, therefore, was an age when obstacles had been removed and individuals and ordination were enlightened and free to pursue self determination and self rationalization7.Kant did non try to assert that the only path to freedom lay on the path of revolution. Revolutions, according to Kant, merely replaced old prejudices with new preju dices8. Kant acknowledged that for a society to function properly, for a government to help its people, it was often necessary for an individual to narrowly restrict their reason in the interestingness of their job or duties. Kant defined this as private reason and deemed it a necessity. Kant used an example of how smutty it would be for an office to question the appropriateness of an order rather than obeying it9. The private use of reason was jump by an individuals public use of reason. In this form of reason the individual takes upon the drapery of a scholar who has complete freedom, indeed even the calling, to impart to the public all of his carefully considered and intended perspectives10. Private reason would compel an individual to pay a tax, public reason would compel the individual to speak out against the necessity of the tax.These two forms of reason allow a society as a whole to move towards enlightenment on the thoughts of enlightened individuals who are active me mbers of society serving as agents of change but not necessarily revolution. As a society get downs more enlightened, individuals are freer to act upon the enlightened opinions reached through their public role as a scholar. This is a gradual process and Kants defense of the necessity of private reason implies that a disobedient society itself is an obstacle to enlightenment11. The strength of Kants arguments lay in the condition of when and where he wrote them. Kant lived in a monarchical society that allowed for little individual freedom or representation. Kants evolutionary nature of enlightenment fly the cooped well in a society that is essentially not free. History proved that societies that gradually allowed more and more freedom were able to stay fresh stability and encourage at least a small group of scholars to try to lead societys trip to enlightenment. A steadily evolution towards enlightenment will work in a society that is more restrictive or less representative of the people because the loath rate of changes will still be perceived as changes and many will be patient with a slow but steadily progression of change.In a more representative form of government, however, revolutions are make into the government through elections. If the elected leaders do not implement the ideas of those who elected them, the people become dissatisfied and disobedient. So obstacles to enlightenment can be increased. However, such systems by nature are create to accept and expect a fairly rapid pace of change that would not be feasible in a monarchy. New ideas can be implemented nearly every election so in this regard revolution, which in this regard are elections. If quick change is not implemented because the people grow frustrated and disobedient. The dynamic is more complex than in a monarchy.Freedom of thought is all that is required for individual enlightenment. Even the most repressive regimes find it impossible to block an individual from thinking. So to round degree Kant doesnt allow for enlightenment to happen in the absence of freedom. The freedom to think and act upon those thoughts is the definition of Kants public reason. But Kants definition of private reason seems incomplete. While it is necessary for an individual to restrict their opinions based on duty or situation, that act does not restrict individual enlightenment. The full scope of what Kant described as a public scholar is the freedom to think and give voice to those thoughts, a private reason may also exist that allows an individual to think but not be able to give voice to such thoughts.This is different from sublimating their opinions to bring about a duty. This is done perhaps more out of fear than a sense of duty. A spend may not be free to question an order but in a more repressive society an enlightened individual may not be free to give voice to their opinions without penalty of death. In such a case is an individual a coward or lazy? sure enough it t akes a high degree of courage to speak out but to call those not will to die for their opinions but how are self realized enough to have those opinions cowards is not just nor fair. In a way Kant both argues against revolution but calls those unwilling to rebel in restrictive cases cowards. So he undercuts his own argument if its taken out of the context in which he wrote it where thought was tolerated as was the scholarly debate of enlightened ideas.Immanuel Kants essay What is Enlightenment? is justly considered an important work regarding the enlightenment and reason. Kant concisely argues his opinion and presented examples to illustrate his points. The arguments made are strong and logical in the context of the monarchal society Kant lived in that while restrictive, allowed for some freedom of thought and expression. Kants arguments lose some strength when applied to different societies and governments. Sources Kant, Immanuel.What is Enlightenment? September 30, 1784.Naragon, St eve. Johann Friedrich Zllner. Manchester College. 23 June 2011. http//www.manchester.edu/kant/bio/FullBio/ZollnerJF.html.

Moral Frameworks of Terrorists

Moral Frameworks of TerroristsThis paper discusses, with reference to two examples, whether terrorists cig bet draw to a logical virtuous simulation. Terrorism can be, and indeed, most usually is defined in the literature, as a strategy of military conclave that is designed to promote a hoped outcome with instilling fear in the popular at large. There are, how ever so, disagreements amongst umteen academics, from policy-making science, law and human rights analysts, as to the rendering of act of terrorism that should be used in practice, as some(prenominal) academics designate that the motives that fuel some terrorists are governmentally valid. The definition of terrorism catamenialy in use by the UN is, any actintended to cause finis or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an external organisation to do, or abstain from doing, any act. (Annan, 2005). heedless of the particul ar definition of terrorism that is employed, terrorist acts are generally defined through their violence, the psychological impact of the act, the political goal of the act and the fact that they are usually perpetrated against civilians, or non-combatants. Obviously, as a result of these factors, terrorism is regarded, e very(prenominal)where, as unlawful and an illegitimate means of achieving the ends that are sought, provided as the famous saying goes, wizard mans terrorism is another mans freedom fighter. Recent events catch brought this to the stem, with the war in Afghanistaniistan bringing back many memories for the unify States government, who supported the Afghan Mujahideen as freedom fighters during the United States war with the Soviet Union, but recently, the United States government branding breaka demeanor Afghan groups as terrorists, and foundation a war in Afghanistan to stop them in their terrorist acts. Nelson Mandela, ex-President of South Africa, and Nobel Laureate, was once brand a terrorist and was confined for decades for his terrorist acts a definition for terrorism, and the word terrorist thus seems to be flexible, depending on the political consideration and the aims that are hard to be strived by the people supporting the country in which the terrorist is present. What is certain, however, is that the people committing the state acts of terrorism wholly believe in what they are fighting to pass, and, as such, construct some variety of deterrent example material to justify their actions and their beliefs. This paper is interested in how and wherefore these frameworks are constructed and whether terrorists can ever appeal to a conformable righteous framework for their actions.As Bandura (1990) argues, terrorists are able to lessonly relieve through many psychological routes, and, as such, it is a societal responsibility to ensure civilised stockpile through social systems which up make compassionate behaviour and which denounce, and renounce, cruelty in any form. As Bandura (1990) argues, lesson standards do not function as fixed inseparable regulators of conduct, but rather, self-regulatory mechanisms do not look at until they are activated, and there are many ways in which these regulatory mechanisms can be disengaged, allowing the growth of different types of conduct with the same moral standards. Bandura (1990) further argues that political diversity and the toleration of public expressions of incredulity create the conditions that allow the emergence of challenges to suspect moral appeals, such that if societies are to safeguard against the occurrence of terrorism, they essential establish social safeguards against the misuse of institutional justificatory powers for ends which are exploitative and destructive. As such, Bandura (1990) seems to be contestation that it is the fault of the state, which has not ensured a proper, functioning, framework for the non-appearance of terror ism, which allows terrorism to grow, not that terrorists themselves are at fault. This type of affirmation does not require an appeal to moral consistency or moral frameworks on the part of the terrorist, but rather argues that terrorists are a product of a dysfunctional society, which is responsible for the appearance of terrorists.Further to this, Atram (2006) concludes that suicide terrorism cannot be explained by a individual(a) political radix cause, such as the posture of foreign military forces or the absence of democracy, as other factors such as psychological motivations, or religious inspirations can in like manner contribute to the desire to undertake terrorist acts. As Atram (2006) argues, any simplistic accounts of terrorism, why it happens and what leads people to become terrorists, are bound to stroke as terrorists prevail underlying moral set and group dynamics which are complex themselves and also intertwined in a complex manner. Only when these root causes are fully understood by decision-makers pull up stakes organisational and ideological solutions that could defuse the threat of terrorism be found (Atram, 2006). As such, as Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to one-sidedly act, in concert, to achieve their ends.There have been many terrorist acts in recent history, including the Munich massacre in 1972, during the prodigious Games, bombing of flights including Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, gas aggresss in Tokyo, bombing campaigns in Ireland by the IRA, the 9/11 attacks on the United States and, following this, the Bali bombings, the London and Madrid bombings. Terrorism is a play that has been used for a long time to achieve political ends, but it has recently come to the fore through the massive loss of life in the 9/11 bombings, and the subsequent wars, as this was an attack against the before long most powerful nation on Earth, on home soil, killing t housands of innocents. Terrorism, as a political tool, has therefore come to be used almost as a daily term, in the media, by academics, in family homes, and, indeed, the populace is scared, perhaps by hyper coverage of terrorism in the media, perhaps by the attacks themselves, but, for whatever reason, the populace is scared, and so the terrorists are winning, under the definitions of terrorism which have been discussed herein.The current paper will discuss two examples of terrorist groups in order to assess the moral framework to which they adhere, to assess whether this framework is consistent, and, if, indeed, it can ever be argued that terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework.Colombia has been involved in what is termed an gird struggle for the past four decades, since the death of Gaitan in the 1960s, when the FARC and the ELN were founded, ironically, as a call to stop La Violencia which had begun following Gaitans death. At this time, these two insurrectionist groups campaigned for peace, for free elections and for the return of a leftist government. The FARC and the ELN have, however, in recent decades, become embroiled in the drugs trade, gaining money through the drugs trade in order to ancestry their war on the Colombian government, and their fight for peace in Colombia. In response to this, it is k straight offn that the current administration funded paramilitary groups to fight against the insurrectionists1, although the paramilitary groups have themselves become embroiled in the drugs trade and are known to have committed acts of terrorism against civilians and non-combatants, such that there is now a war between the guerrillas and the paramilitaries.Thus, the situation in Colombia is extremely complex. FARC and ELN guerrillas began with the stated aim of returning Colombia to peace, through the instigation of free elections, pursuit a solid political end to La Violencia. Their moral framework was just that a moral framework th rough which they were seeking to return Colombia to some semblance of normality. However, as we have seen, and because it is so easy, in a country where it is so difficult to earn a living any other way, the guerrilla groups became embroiled in the drugs trade, and, as such, their moral framework for committing terrorist acts has alternated, and indeed, the way in which they commit their terrorist acts has changed, with IRA terrorists reading the guerrillas in bombing tactics, and these being used on Colombian military targets, unfortunately to great effect, with the accompanying loss of many lives. Thus, the Colombian case is extremely complex, with guerrilla groups starting out with mainly political aims, but with these same groups now largely fighting to retain stamp down of their share of the drugs trade, causing arm combat between members of these guerrilla groups and government-backed paramilitaries whenever they come in to contact.Thus, the FARC and the ELN, although they started out as political terrorists are now seen as groups which use their skills to dominate the drugs trade, through the taking of national territory and the submission of hundreds of thousands of farmers in the regions in which they hold territory. The moral framework that these terrorist groups adhere to has, therefore, firstly, radically changed over the period of activity, and has taken a far less helpful turn, in harm of terrorising a whole country and causing problems for Colombia in scathe of international relations, economic development and human rights recognizes. The FARC and ELN, if they adhere to any framework at all, for their actions, certainly cannot argue that this framework is in any way moral and it certainly has not been consistent. As such, for these groups of terrorists, who literally hold a country to ransom, there can be no argument of a consistent moral framework that is in place, and there can be no argument for the existence of any consistent moral fr amework for the human rights abuses they cause and the economic and political havoc they create for Colombia.The next terrorist group we shall look at is the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) of Peru, which was formed as a political guerrilla group, in response to Perus military dictatorship, with the stated aim of achieving free elections within Peru and placing a communist party in control of Peru, through the Pensamiento Gonzalo ideology (named after the thinking of Guzman, the Shining Paths leader). The Shining Path took to angry means as a way of achieving its stated aims, and, indeed, is known to be responsible for some of the defeat massacres in Peruvian history, with Perus human rights record being atrocious, on account of the atrocities committed by the Shining Path. The Shining Path seized control of large areas of Peru, but their communist ideas were never popular with the Peruvian populace, and so their guerrilla war began to lose support and its base began to falter. Th e Shining Path support bring down dramatically following Guzmans capture in 1992, and the capture of his permutation several years later, with its successor movement, Proseguir, having very few supporters and arguing mainly for the release of former Shining Path members.In equipment casualty of the moral framework of the Shining Path, their aims were very clear and political in scope, although the situation was complicated as Fujimori, the Peruvian Prime Minister at the time, branded anyone who spoke against the government a terrorist (see Burt, 2006). Even though the Shining Path were obviously terrorists who, it has been proven, were responsible for many civilian deaths, the Shining Path had a consistent moral framework to which they subscribed and which dictated their actions the installation of communism within Peru. This framework was the reason for the organic law of the group, and was consistent across the time during which the Shining Path was active within Peru. Thus, i n this guerrilla group, dissimilar in the guerrilla groups active in Colombia, the moral framework for the Shining Paths actions was very clear and fixed, and consistent across the history of the Shining Path.We have therefore discussed two cases, of three guerrilla groups, two in Colombia, one in Peru, two of which (the FARC and the ELN) have evolved in their ideology and moral framework as they moved through time, and one of which (the Shining Path) had a consistent moral framework in place for their actions, which informed, supported and dictated their actions in terms of achieving their stated aims (i.e., the installation of communism within Peru). Thus, terrorists, and terrorist groups, as we have seen in the case of the FARC and ELN, can evolve and change, in terms of their aims and their objectives, and the means used to achieve these aims. As such, their moral frameworks also change and move with the new orientation.Under this analysis, it is implicit that terrorists have a moral conscience, that although this moral conscience allows them to commit acts that are considered terrorist acts by society, they do have a moral conscience, and one that can be called upon to support their objectives and their aims, and which can be used as a way of justifying any terrorist acts that they commit. As we have seen, as Atram (2006) concludes, the emergence of terrorism cannot be explained by a single political root cause, such as the presence of foreign military forces or the absence of democracy, as other factors such as psychological motivations, or religious inspirations can also contribute to the desire to undertake terrorist acts. As Atram (2006) argues, any simplistic accounts of terrorism, why it happens and what leads people to become terrorists, are bound to failure as terrorists have underlying moral values and group dynamics which are complex themselves and also intertwined in a complex manner. Only when these root causes are fully understood by decisio n-makers will organisational and ideological solutions that could defuse the threat of terrorism be found (Atram, 2006). As such, as Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends.Thus, the FARC and the ELN, and the Shining Path, although, as we have seen, they have, and continue to, commit terrorist acts, they can call upon a moral framework for these acts, in terms of having excusable reasons for their objectives and aims, and the way in which these objectives are achieved, such that these acts are perpetuated under what they consider to be a moral framework. That the rest of society does not see this framework as moral, under normal societal definitions of moral, is beyond them, beyond their understanding for, as Bandura (1990) argues, moral standards do not function as fixed internal regulators of conduct, but rather, self-regulatory mechanisms do not engage until the y are activated, and there are many ways in which these regulatory mechanisms can be disengaged, allowing the emergence of different types of conduct with the same moral standards.This paper has discussed the issue of whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework. As we have seen, there are many definitions of terrorism in use in the literature, as there are disagreements as to the definition of terrorism2, as some academics argue that the motives that fuel some terrorists are politically valid. Indeed, terrorist and terrorism seem to have been, and be, fairly flexible terms, depending on the political affiliation of the terrorist/terrorist act many people would call the acts committed by the Israelis against the Palestinians, for example, terrorist acts, but these seem to be supported by the United States government, as Israel is currently one of the highest recipients of United States foreign aid. Similarly, as we have seen, Nelson Mandela, ex-President of South A frica, and Nobel Laureate, was once branded a terrorist and was imprisoned for decades for his terrorist acts a definition for terrorism, and the word terrorist thus seems to be flexible, depending on the political context and the aims that are trying to be achieved by the people supporting the country in which the terrorist is present.Although the word terrorist and the term terrorism are open to interpretation, by politicians, and under international law, as we have seen3, terrorists do subscribe to what they consider to be a moral framework for their objectives, and to support their acts to achieve these objectives. As we have seen from the two examples used here, these moral frameworks can stay static throughout the history of the terrorist group (as with the Shining Path) or can change over time in response to external factors or political events (as with the FARC and the ELN). Thus, the issue of whether terrorists can appeal to a consistent moral framework, I will argue, is va lid indeed, although this framework may be seen as amoral by the rest of society, the terrorist defines their objectives as moral, under a moral framework, which for them is consistent in terms of starring(p) to desired objectives. Whether this framework is consistent across time is a matter for discussion, for, as we have seen, some terrorist groups find their objectives changing with shifting external circumstances, and, as such, their framework, whilst remaining internally morally consistent, in terms of the objectives, is not externally consistent over time. As Atram (2006) argues, terrorists have a consistent moral framework within which they work, allowing them to unilaterally act, in concert, to achieve their ends it is this framework which allows them to function, as a unit, in order to achieve their aims and objectives.ReferencesAnnan, K., 2005. Larger Freedom. Speech given to the United Nations at the Security Council Meeting on 17th blemish 2005.Atram, S., 2006. The mor al logic and growth of suicide terrorism. The Washington Quarterly 29(2), pp.127-147.Bandura, A., 1990. Mechanisms of moral disengagement. In Reich, W. (ed.), Origins of terrorism psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of fountainhead (pp.161-191). Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Burt, J-M., 2006. Quien habla es terrorista the political use of fear in Fujimoris Peru. Latin American Research retread 41(3), pp.32-62.Saul, B., 2006. Two justifications for terrorism a moral legal response. Foreign Policy in Focus, FPIF Policy Report. January tenth 2006. Available from http//www.fpif.org/pdf/papers/0601justifications.pdf Accessed on 30th April 2007.1Footnotes1 As part of their efforts to secure, and retain, money from the United States, through their War on Drugs programme.2 Although, as we have seen, the definition of terrorism currently in use by the UN is, any actintended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organisation to do, or abstain from doing, any act. (Annan, 2005). This definition is also used by the International wretched Court, and by most human rights lawyers who are involved in prosecuting terrorist acts.3 with, as we have seen, for example, the war in Afghanistan bringing back many memories for the United States government, who supported the Afghan Mujahideen as freedom fighters during the United States war with the Soviet Union, but recently, the United States government branding breakaway Afghan groups as terrorists, and launching a war in Afghanistan to stop them in their terrorist acts.