Crime Scene Manager Roles and Responsibilities

Crime prospect Manager Roles and Responsibilities agree to the lecture on dis judgeshipesy expression forethought SAPS 2006 the dish up of shame guessing management is as follows. The different federal agency players within the SAPS respond to the mop upensive activity characterization with due cut intoation somebodyal safety, while at resembling time looking for emf usher and executable umbrageouss. The re look toer wants to determine whether the fiber players from the components much(prenominal) as the circumpolar policing, detectives and the Local Criminal Record Centre attended the rack up nuisance nips with the propose of obtaining the required evidential material for linking guesss with the horror context and for court purposes, further to determine whether much(prenominal)(prenominal) role players has the expertise to identify possible mistrustfuls at the murder prospects, SAPS (2006).In terms of SAPS, DCLP (2006) and SAPS Policy Number 1 (2004) on offense stab management, the procedure in the umbrage aspect of curse is as followsThe first constituent to arrive at the crime prospect pass receive the crime moving-picture show from the members of the public and at present take control of the expression and identify the injured victims. The first member ordain picture the controller centre and act as playing Commander for the Centre until the Official Commander is ap bloomed. The Acting Commander arse around out administers all the resources as required by the crime scene role-players examples of such resources argon visible policing, Specialized units, jot services, Defence Force units etc and if the orbital cavity of the crime scene escalates (i.e) adventure where public order policing or the science laboratoryour force is required, a study aircraft crash or some(prenominal) major operation), the command centre leave alone further supported by the g overning body of a field joint operational centr e. The establish excess routes to the crime scene for control purpose.The first member bequeath hand over the crime scene to the appointed crime scene motorcoach on arrival who result be accompanied by the detectives and the crime scene technician and conduct a detail inspection to determine certain keystone aspects of the crime scene. The crime scene manager, the crime scene technician and the investigating police ships police officer ordain gain on the first walk by stick out and agree on the crime scene investigation, affect strategy and orderological analysis which they will follow.The crime scene manager will appoints the investigating officer who will be the principal investigator and be responsible for(p) for(p) for the representing of the reason docket, investigating officer to co-ordinates the investigating group and for the maintaining the investigation diary and guardianship track of the unanimous suffice and the investigating squad is responsible fo r data gathering and proceeds which the interviewing of witnesses and taking down statements (SAPS 2006).The crime manager will in addition appoints the crime scene technician who will be the principal processing expert on the crime scene and evaluates the narrate possibilities and assembles the processing aggroup with the correct skills to effectively process the crime scene. Crime scene technician will be supported by specialists loving to assist the processing team on the crime such specialists ar appendd by the Forensic erudition Laboratory, Pathology, etc. The processing team will prep atomic number 18 a true-to-life(prenominal) visual representation of the scene to a court of law (SAPS 2006). later on the crime scene team has completed their activities in the crime scene, the crime scene manager will conducts a final walk through of the scene, accompanied by the investigating officer and the crime scene technician. The purpose of walk-through is to review the activi ty of the investigation and processing team, ensuring that the original think has been executed. The crime scene manager will conduct a query with all role players as the last opportunity to collect every wrong decision made during the process and to ensure that all required motions wealthy psyche been performed. The crime scene manager will restore the crime scene and ensuring that all equipments has been removed and authorised the crime scene to be released to the public (SAPS 2006).Sometime after the event the crime scene manager labels a meeting with all the relevant role players to evaluate the process for lessons learnt picturening the on going investigation, commenced on successes and identify mistakes. Cox (2009) in her article, explains that in order to ensure that the differentiate is protected, the first person at the crime scene should secure it with barriers and or crime scene tapes briefly after arriving at the crime scene, in addition, some should act as sec urity guard so that people who do non decease at the hole are unplowed out of the crime scene. gibe to Lee, Palmbach Miller, (2001), the first responders to a crime scene are usually Police, Emergency Medical personnel or Fire Department personnel. Their actions at the scene are often the establishation for the successful resolution of the crime. These first responding Officers are also in m all in slip-ups some of the individuals, who whitethorn, through the course of doing their job, unknowingly change or alter the crime scene from its original particularize, Lee, et al (2001). They further emphasized that those persons essential do their job hardly they must al counsels keep in mind that they will begin the process of linking the crime scene to the victim, the witness and ultimately, to the rummy. Any disruption of the crime scene whitethorn prevent the link to the risible. The critical matters such as training, education, realize are all necessary for all probabl e first responder Lee et al, (2001).The process to be followed match to Roland (2007) correspond with (SAPS 2006) in the maven that the first Officers to respond are responsible for the securing the crime scene and preserving it as they found it. This means ensuring that nonhing is ghostwritered or moved so that any physiologic say is non compromised or choke offd, if there are victims displaying signs of life the Police will call a team of Paramedics to give on site assistance if they did non respond to the initial emergency call. The injured depose thusly be removed to Hospital, but cold bodies need to be left as they were found since vital causes ass be obtained from studying the position and condition of the victim. The senior investigating officer will begin by interviewing the officers who were first on the scene to wedge their initial impression of the location and the behaviour of those who were directly involved.In a murder enquiry the suspects residence wil l require searching as closely as the site where the body of the victim has been discovered. Team is direct by a crime scene controller who answers to a headmaster the superior then reports to the investigating officer. When the crime scene is a house, an apartment, commercialized word forming or vehicle all which can be smashed off and examined in the minutes detail and if murder or fierce attack has occurred in one electron orbit of a building . The whole property will be considered relevant to the case and will be scoured for clause.When exterior location Police whitethorn do to conk out the perimeter to includes vehicle tyre tracks, footprints and knowledge domains where there is a change of decision personal details, discarded cigarettes butts, a weapon or trace record which cogency halt been snagged on undergrowth. It is a burial site for murder victims. There could be opposite makeshift graves in the scope all in which will save to be excavates, p liveographe d and combined for somatogenic evidence. Exterior scene may also start to be marooned by a tent to protect evidence from the effects of whether and to take away the prying eyes of curiosity seekers and media Roland (2007).It is earn that the procedure for the first person to arrive at the scene of crime is to ensure that the crime is protected for authorisation evidence. Cox(2009), Lee, el at 2001) and Roland (2007) support the (SAPS1 (2004) on crime scene management as well as the SAPS DCLP (2006).Wayne, Patherick, Brent, Turvey, Claire Ferguson (2010) indicates that particular circumspection should be given to determine if this is the just scene or whether there are secondary crime scenes that need to be located. Investigators will have only a limited amount of time to work a crime site in its untouched state. The opportunity to permanently record the scene in its original state must non be lost, such records will not only be useful during an investigation but are also r equired for presentation at trial Wayne et al (2010).Wayne et al (2010) has also stated that it is authorised that upon arrival at the scene investigators implement crime scene procedures, supervise uniform personnel and submit direction to the investigation to facilitate this. An investigative team should be nominated. This team should consist of an arresting officer, a corroborating officer, and an exhibit officer. This procedure is standard in most Police services for any major crime. The exhibits officer is responsible for protection and collection of exhibits, through to the examination of exhibits and their final production in court cases. The arresting officer and the corroborating officer are responsible for interaction with suspects and have final responsibility prosecuting the matter to trial. This team should be overseen by a senior Detective who has a broad management role in ensuring that a major incident room (MIR) or command post is established to support and manag e investigative functions at the crime scene and also at later stops of the investigations Wayne et al (2010).Furthermore Wayne et at (2010) elaborates the initial assessment comprise of crime scene that the trained investigators should have control of the investigation and begin to identify possible witnesses and suspects they should begin this stage by evaluating natural evidence located with a view to assisting with suspect generation by frontitising the most evidence (e.g) DNA located at a scene is powerful evidence as compared to an un-identified item such as turn). It is also at this point that the investigators should familiarise themselves with the victim by performing interviews with the victim if still alive, or alternatively by conducting a victim logy (or profile) if the victim is the deceased. The profile should include the history of the victim, associates, whitlow links, family and financial records. This step is meaning(a) because the characteristics of a vict im can provide links to possible suspects in particular, investigators may be able to expire inferences about the wrongdoers motive, modus operandi, and signatures behaviour (Turvey, 1999). Having make this, the investigators should be able to know the learning about the victim. Wayne et al (2010). fit in to Wayne et al (2010) during the investigation stage the investigators take on the most challenging work. At this point investigators must attempt to establish a motive for the crime, if this can be done, it must be accurate, then this breeding will greatly assist in reducing the suspect pool. Witness account also need to be closely examined at this stage and evaluated as to the assistance they can build a profile for the suspect. In this stage investigators should be ensuring that trained experts are evaluating all available physical evidence. Wayne et al (2010) further explain about the target stage of having carried out thorough examination of the crime scene, investigator s need to build a profile for potentiality suspects from evidence available during the target stage. The investigators should then levy the velocity of the evidence by seeking links between the suspect and the crime. All available evidence needs to be channelled into providing a fit between the suspect and the victim, in relation to time, invest and motive. It is at this point the investigators need to be fully conversant with the investigations gathered by investigators with regards to build a profile for potential suspects. The investigators should develop an investigative interview plan so that when the suspect is confronted, the investigators are clear of the direction and purpose of the action or questioning that they undertake in the arrest stage, Wayne (et al 2010).According to capital of Mississippi, Andrew and Jackson, Julie (2004) the duties of the first Police Officer attending and preservation of the crime scene is as followsMaintain the value of any physical evide nce that may be present. Carry out an initial assessment of the scene. Deal with any emergencies (the overriding duty of the first officer attending is to preserve life, no matter of whether crucial evidence is destroyed in the process). Call for assistance as necessary. Preserve the scene (unless it has been decided that physical evidence will not be acquire. Make an appropriate records of his or her assessment and actions (included in this quantify at which any key events took place, such as the first officer attending arrival at the scene and any estimated time of the incident that may be available from, for example, eyewitnesses. Communicate his or her assessment and actions to those who will take over the responsibility for the processing of the scene and or those responsible for the investigation of the case. Provide appropriate information about the processing of the case to those members of the public who are directly involved. The first officer attending the crime scene must during his or her initial assessment, ascertain whether any of the following(a) are present or nearby. Injured persons victims.Eyewitnesses (who should be kept make out from one another, by the first officer attending need to invalidate conversation between the eye witnesses that could distort their memories of the incident). Suspects (who must be kept separate from all(prenominal) other and from witnesses) it should be borne in mind that seemingly innocent might, in fact be suspects in case. Further Jackson et al (2004) provides that any crime scene from which physical evidence is recovered and preserve, this process is also known as documenting the crime scene. This is done by making compose notes that are augmented by photographs, video recordings and or sketches, as appropriate Jackson et al (2004).Jackson et al (2004) also mentioned the following recording on the crime scene. There must be a record of each item of physical evidence recorded from the scene, detailing the identified of the person who recovered it, the time and date at which it was recorded, the exact location from which it was taken and a interpretation of the item involved. A log of all images taken of the scene (whether by still photographing formulaic digital or video recording) describing for each images.The exact location of the tv camera operatorThe identity of the camera operatorThe direction in which the camera was pointed.The time and date at which it was captured.Any special lighting or other conditions employ.Any special light or other condition utilise.The items and / or area of the scene from which the image was captured.A log of any sketches made of the scene.A detailed description of the surroundings of the crime scene.A record of the conditions of whether and light that prevailed during the processing of the scene and a thorough description of the crime scene itself in the condition in which it was found prior to the removal of any physical evidence, includ ing details or any features that might be of evidential worth (such as the location and condition of any likely points of the entry and or exits by the individuals involved in the incident). It is clear that on the crime scene the physical evidence needs to be protected for potential evidence. Wayne et al (2010) and Jackson et al (200419) support to each other in terms of the process of crime scene management.According to Savino, John, Brent and Turvey (2005) provides the information to be learned from the crime scene as followsInvestigators can do it the sights, smells and sound of the crime scene, as the victim and the offender perceived them.Investigators can experience the spatial relationship with the scene.Investigators can experience how open, or secluded the scene is, suggesting possible witnesses.Investigators can experience how accessible or hidden the scene is to those not from the area, suggesting possible suspect populations.Investigators can learn what amiable of tra ffic (vehicle and pedestrian), residences or businesses are nearby, suggesting possible witnesses and suspect populations.Investigators can experience transfer evidence first hand, vegetation, soil, glass, fibres, and any other material that may have transferred on to the victim or offender may transfer on to them, providing examples of what to look for on suspect clothing or in suspects vehicles.Investigators can walk victim and offender routes themselves, visual perception the sight first hand, in order to discover additional witnesses and suspect population. This witnesses can include businesses with active surveillance camera that may have recorded some or all of the crime Savino et al (2005).The engrossed investigators may discover items of evidence previously thought lost and according to Savino and Turvey (2005) further elaborate the crime scene dos and donts that, locards exchange principle. every(prenominal) contact result in a transfer of evidence contact between items i n around and obliterate it. The investigator needs to be on the crime scene and have some contact with the evidence, as do Forensic personnel however, reasonable steps can be taken to minimize how much evidence is added, moved and obliterated consider the following guidelines.Do not enter the crime scene until you have signed in on the crime scene security log. If there is not a security log, start one. The security log should dispel name, agency, function, time in and out, and clothing description for later exclusionary purposes. One person should be charge to maintain the log.Make certain that someone is assigned to photograph the crime scene and surrounding areas. Part of this assignment involves maintaining a log of each roll of film and each item and location photograph.Make certain that someone is assigned to sketch the crime scene. A rough sketch should be prepared at the scene wake measurements between items of evidence and spatial relationships within the scene. A final or smooth sketch is prepared later, based on notes, photos, and other information gathered from the scene (Lee).Make certain that someone is assigned to maintain and evidence log.Do not collect multiple items of evidence in one bag or under one evidence number. This provides for potential cross -contamination.Wear disposable latex gloves at all times- this will help prevents the transfer of fingerprints, sweat, and other material from your bare hand on the scene.Change gloves every time you touch a new item on the scene. This will help prevent cross-contamination between items at the same that you have touched.Do not dispose gloves by carelessly discarding them in the scene. They could wind up in the crime scene photo obscuring evidence, or worse, somebody might collect them as evidence and run lab tests to determine their origin.Do not touch everything in sight. When you touch an object, you may move it from its original position or obliterate any evidence that may have been transf erred to its surface during the crime, such as a fingerprints or biological fluids containing valuable DNA.Keep your hands in your pockets until they are needed.Do not wonder aimlessly through the crime scene.Do not touch, move or otherwise alter items of evidence before documenting them (photographs, measurements, etc)Do not stage collection effort from furniture involved in the crime. Set up your equipments elsewhere, away from areas of potential evidence transfer.Do not use the telephone on the scene. The offender may have used the phone. This evidence that should be seized and processed for fingerprints and other potential transfer evidence also, phone records should be checked for all incoming and outgoing local and long distance calls, as far back as possible.Do not use the television and / VCR at the scene. The offender may have used them, examine buttons for latent prints. Also, cable TV records should be checked both authors have worked cases where the offender has watched TV and / or say pornographic movies while waiting for the victim to return home.Do not use the bathroom. The offender may have the bathroom and may have lifted the toilet seat. The toilet should be seized and processed for fingerprints and other potential transfer evidence.Do not smoke, smoking changes smells of the air and results in hot ashes that have the potential to contaminate, melt, or even burn /ignite potential evidence. It also results in discarded cigarettes butts that may be confused as evidence.Do not eat into the crime scene and dropped food could contaminate or obliterate potential evidence.Do not drink. This is destruction and will results in refuse that could find its way into the crime scene and get more potential collected as evidence, also spilled liquids could contaminate or obliterate potential evidence.Do not spit, spitting result in the transfer of biological material into a crime scene.Do not bring civilians to a crime scene. This kind of thing show a lack of respect and professionalism, as well as introducing more potential transfer evidence into the scene and increasing the possibility that evidence may be carelessly contaminated or obliterated.Do not go away your superiors or colleagues to be civilians to a crime scene.Leave sealed containers sealed. Do not open sealed containers and sniff inside to determine the confine by odour. They may contain hazardours or toxic material such anhydrous ammonia, a necessary ingredient, especially the eye, skin, and respiratory tract will cause dehydration, cell destruction, and serve chemical burns.Do not touch pools of liquid in the crime scene. This is TV and movie behaviour done for dramatic effects to sell a scene, it has no place in real Forensic work. If you do not know what something is you think it is important follow the appropriate documentation and collection procedures and submit it to the LAB for analysis.Do not taste anything at the crime scene. This also TV behaviour done for dramatic effect to sell a scene, it has no place in real Forensic work.Do not interview the victim in the place where the attack occurred. This is extremely insensitive and may eat into the trust between the victim and the investigator, to say nothing for potentially re-traumatising the victim.Do not leave the crime scene to get something to eat, play lotto, go back to the office, or work on something else, until you are done.Make written notes of everyone in the crime scene and each persons role. That way youll know whom to call later if you need statement.Take written notes of everything in the crime scene that get your attention because nothing is significant to record if it catches ones attention.Do not lead a victim family members from the crime scene through the area where there attack occurred unless there is no other way.Supervisors in charged of the crime scene with reviewing the work of an investigative unit do well to note those issues during performance reviews. They s hould also measure to ensure that once this kind of mistakes are discovered, they are not related. This can be accomplished by training and by the example set by seasoned investigators. Ignorance of physical evidence and protocol usually starts at the top, with those in charge and finds its way down through the ranks. Savino et al (2005). It is evident that members who attended the crime scene must follow the information guidelines of Savino et al (2005).According to Van Heerden (1982) the scene of crime can clarify, amongst others the followingThe position of the deceased body and of variant objects in relation to the body, can for example be important indications of the case of death. This means that whether the death is as results of murder, suicide or accident. The direction from which sorry approached the scene of crime and the manner in which the scene was left. The method used to commit the crime. The identity of the victim. The identity of the offender and the nature of hi s involvement in the crime.In view of the clarification as alluded by VAN HEERDEN (1982) it is important to illustrate how the potential evidence should be recognized, protected, recorded, collected and packaging, labelled or marked, submission for analysis, maintenance of chain of possession of presentation in court. Marais, Rooyen, Pretorius, De Beer, metalworker and Mostert (1992) et al provides that the following legal requirements should be critical importance to the investigator. sooner physical evidence can be collected it must ostensibly be recognized. In a murder investigation one usually concentrates on the weapon or object that was used that caused the death. A search is also made here for blood, hair, fibres and tissue in an effort to associate the criminal with the crime scene. Case and common sense should be everlastingly prevail with due precaution not to destroy physical evidence that may exist and the guidelines offered in this regard that the scene should be si ght in its entirely and notes made of the location of all obvious physical clues, points of entry and exit signs of location (struggle) and the size and share in the area should be restricted and care taken not to destroy or to disturb any evidence during the examination, a suitable search method must be decided upon and during the search of an indoor scene. Special attention should be paid to fragile evidence that may be easy destroyed or contaminated. Places or objects where latent fingerprints may be found and other physical clues to be examined by the experts later need to be seemed. Comprehensive notes should also be made of all stains, spots, liquids and the like which could prove to have evidential value. The scene and surrounding areas must be demarcated off to ensure that valuable physical evidence is not destroyed or damaged by vehicles people or animals.